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International Journal of Modern Physics B

EXACT STEADY STATES OF ASYMMETRIC DIFFUSION AND TWO-SPECIES ANNIHILATION WITH BACK REACTION FROM THE GROUND STATE OF QUANTUM SPIN MODELS

Francisco Castilho Alcaraz

Published Nov 1, 1994• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We calculated the exact probability distribution of the equilibrium state of some dynamical models in d-dimensional hypercubic lattices (d≥1). In these models we have asymmetric diffusion or two-species annihilation with back reaction A+B↔Ø. Our results are derived by exploring the relationship between the master equation and the Hamiltonian of quantum spins. The models we study are related to the spin-S Heisenberg model.

DOI
10.1142/s0217979294001445

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We calculated the exact probability distribution of the equilibrium state of some dynamical models in d-dimensional hypercubic lattices (d≥1). In these models we have asymmetric diffusion or two-species annihilation with back reaction A+B↔Ø. Our results are derived by exploring the relationship between the master equation and the Hamiltonian of quantum spins. The models we study are related to the spin-S Heisenberg model.
We consider a process in which there are two types of particles, A and B, on an infinite one-dimensional lattice. The particles hop to their adjacent sites, like the totally asymmetric exclusion process (ASEP), and have also the following interactions: A+B-->B+B and B+A-->B+B, which all occur with equal rate. We study this process by imposing four boundary conditions on the ASEP master equation. It is shown that this model is integrable, in the sense that its N-particle S matrix is factorized into a product of two-particle S matrices and, more importantly, the two-particle S matrix satisfies the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. Using the coordinate Bethe-ansatz, the N-particle wave functions and the two-particle conditional probabilities are found exactly. Further, by imposing four reasonable physical conditions on two-species diffusion-reaction processes (where the most important ones are the equality of the reaction rates and the conservation of the number of particles in each reaction), we show that among the 4096 types of interactions which have these properties and can be modeled by a master equation and an appropriate set of boundary conditions, there are only 28 independent interactions which are integrable. We find all these interactions and also their corresponding wave functions. Some of these may be new solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation.
We study a 12-parameter stochastic process involving particles with two-site interaction and hardcore repulsion on a d-dimensional lattice. In this model, which includes the asymmetric exclusion process, contact processes and other processes, the stochastic variables are particle occupation numbers taking values n⃗x = 0, 1. We show that on a 10-parameter submanifold the k-point equaltime correlation functions 〈n⃗x1 · · · n⃗xk 〉 satisfy linear differential-difference equations involving no higher correlators. In particular, the average density 〈n⃗x 〉 satisfies an integrable diffusion-type equation. These properties are explained in terms of dual processes and various duality relations are derived. By defining the time evolution of the stochastic process in terms of a quantum Hamiltonian H, the model becomes equivalent to a lattice model in thermal equilibrium in d + 1 dimensions. We show that the spectrum of H is identical to the spectrum of the quantum Hamiltonian of a d-dimensional, anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg model. In one dimension our results hint at some new algebraic structure behind the integrability of the system. Keywords: Reaction-diffusion processes, correlation functions, integrable models An interesting class of non-equilibrium problems with a rich dynamical behaviour are
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We consider the one-dimensional partially asymmetric exclusion model with open boundaries. The model describes a system of hard-core particles that hop stochastically in both directions with different rates. At both boundaries particles are injected and extracted. By means of the method of Derrida et al the stationary probability measure can be expressed as a matrix-product state involving two matrices forming a Fock-like representation of a general quadratic algebra. We obtain the representations of this algebra, which were unknown in the mathematical literature and use the two-dimensional one to derive exact expressions for the density profile and correlation functions. Using the correspondence between the stochastic model and a quantum spin chain, we obtain exact correlation functions for a spin- Heisenberg XXZ chain with non-diagonal boundary terms. Generalizations to other reaction - diffusion models are discussed.
Abstract The quantum computer offers significant advantages in simulating physical systems, particularly those with exponentially large state spaces, such as quantum systems. Stochastic reaction–diffusion systems, characterized by their stochastic nature, also exhibit exponential growth in the dimension of the state space, posing challenges for simulation at a probability distribution level. We explore the quantum simulation of stochastic reaction–diffusion systems on a digital quantum computer, directly simulating the system at the master equation level. Leveraging a spin representation of the system, we employ Trotterization and probabilistic imaginary time evolution (PITE) to simulate the probability distribution directly. We illustrate this approach through four diverse examples, ranging from simple single-lattice site generation-annihilation processes to a system featuring active-absorbing phase transition. Graphical abstract
We show that the stochastic dynamics of a large class of one-dimensional interacting particle systems may be presented by integrable quantum spin Hamiltonians. Using the Bethe ansatz and similarity transformations this yields new exact results. In a complementary approach we generalize previous work and present a new description of these and other processes and the related quantum chains in terms of an operator algebra with quadratic relations. The full solution of the master equation of the process is thus turned into the problem of finding representations of this algebra. We find a two-dimensional time-dependent representation of the algebra for the symmetric exclusion process with open boundary conditions. We obtain new results on the dynamics of this system and on the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the corresponding quantum spin chain, which is the isotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet with non-diagonal boundary fields.