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Applied Physics Letters

Parametric downconversion via cascaded optical nonlinearities in an aperiodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 superlattice

H. C. Guo, Yi-qiang Qin, S. H. Tang

Published Oct 7, 2005• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quasi-phase-matched parametric downconversion via cascaded optical nonlinearities in an aperiodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 superlattice was studied in theory and experiment. Due to the cascading effect and the abundant reciprocal structure in an aperiodic optical superlattice, multiple-wavelength parametric downconversion in a wide spectrum range can be obtained. Enhancement of the conversion efficiency and output stability through coupling of two nonlinear processes is demonstrated. The result also reveals that the cascaded parametric downconversion process can be used to efficiently downconvert the fundamental wavelength to a longer wavelength of the infrared region. The process can be additionally served as an efficient mechanism to enhance THz wave propagation in a nonlinear optical medium.

DOI
10.1063/1.2099541

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Quasi-phase-matched parametric downconversion via cascaded optical nonlinearities in an aperiodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 superlattice was studied in theory and experiment. Due to the cascading effect and the abundant reciprocal structure in an aperiodic optical superlattice, multiple-wavelength parametric downconversion in a wide spectrum range can be obtained. Enhancement of the conversion efficiency and output stability through coupling of two nonlinear processes is demonstrated. The result also reveals that the cascaded parametric downconversion process can be used to efficiently downconvert the fundamental wavelength to a longer wavelength of the infrared region. The process can be additionally served as an efficient mechanism to enhance THz wave propagation in a nonlinear optical medium.
Quasi-phase-matched parametric downconversion via cascaded optical nonlinearities in an aperiodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 superlattice was studied in theory and experiment. Coupling equations reveal that multiple-wavelength parametric downconversion in a wide infrared spectrum range can occur in a single crystal. Enhancement of the conversion efficiency and output stability through coupling of two nonlinear processes is demonstrated. The result also reveals that cascaded parametric downconversion process can be used to efficiently downconvert the fundamental wavelength to longer wavelength of infrared region.
We study parametric interactions in a new type of nonlinear photonic structure, which is realized in the volume between a pair of nonlinear crystals. In this kind of structure, which we call binary, multiple nonlinear optical processes can be implemented simultaneously, owing to multiple phase-matching conditions, fulfilled separately in the constituent crystals. The coupling between the nonlinear processes by means of modes sharing similar frequency is attained by the spatially broadband nature of the parametric fields. We investigate the spatial properties of the fields generated in the binary structure constructed from periodically poled crystals for the two examples: (1) single parametric downconversion and (2) coupled parametric downconversion and upconversion processes. The efficacy of the fields’ generation in these examples is analyzed through comparison with the cases of a traditional single periodically poled crystal and an aperiodic photonic structure, respectively. For this, we have devised a method that allowed us to solve the field equations numerically without resorting to statistically modeling the input vacuum states. It has been shown that the relative shift between the periodic crystal lattices has a crucial effect on the generated spatial field spectrum and overall efficiency. In addition, the influence of the intercrystal distance on these characteristics has been studied. Therefore, our study suggests that one can construct optical elements with sophisticated nonlinear properties from simpler elements without significant sacrifice of efficacy.
We review recent experimental and theoretical progress in the study of optical parametric generation and cascaded frequency up conversion in two-dimensional purely nonlinear lattices, relying on acoherent coupling of multiple resonances in the quadratic lattice. Since their original proposal (1), two dimensional (2D) nonlinear photonic crystals in periodically poled materials have been the subject of a number of experimental and theoretical investigations, exploring the enhanced possibilities to engineer the nonlinear dynamics of quadratic interactions afiorded in such structures (2,3). Most of the studies have concerned frequency up-conversion, until the recent demonstration of twin-beam optical parametric generation (TB-OPG) in 2D hexagonally poled crystals (4,5). TB-OPG experiments in hexagonally poled MgO:LiTaO3 lattices demonstrated enhanced para- metric gains as well as a rich spectral and angular response underpinned bythe coherent coupling of concurrent nonlinear processes throughshared signal or idlermodes. They provided evidence forrich interaction scenarios, generating multiple outputs in the infrared as well in the visible and encompassing also self-phase modulation and cascaded upconversion processes arising from the interplay of multiple lattice resonances.A good agreement was found with a simple model in- volving the cross-seeding of two non-collinear OPG processes via a common signal (idler), while the development of advanced ad-hoc simulation tools enabled to fully account for the complex nonlinear dynamics in the 2D lattices and faithfully reproduce the rich spectral-angular response seen in the experiments (6).
Cascaded (chi) (2) based wavelength conversions in quasi phase-matched periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide were theoretically analyzed by the step-by-step method. The analytic expressions were obtained and analyzed in detail to reveal the physical insight of the wavelength converters based on the cascaded (chi) (2) process. In addition, the phase shift of the converted light was studied using the obtained analytic expressions. Some of the simulated results were compared with our experimental results.