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Applied Physics Letters

Polarized fluorescence line narrowing measurements of Nd laser glasses: Evidence of stimulated emission cross section anisotropy

Douglas W. Hall, William J. Weber

Published Jan 15, 1983• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Polarized 4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4F9/2 emission of Nd3+ in silicate laser glasses are measured using resonant and nonresonant fluorescence line narrowing techniques. The observed depolarization ratio is a measure of the anisotropy of the stimulated emission cross section and the degree of polarization hole burning that will occur for lasers operating in the large-signal gain regime.

DOI
10.1063/1.93858

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Polarization hole-burning in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers with birefringence

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In Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), ASE polarized orthogonal to a saturating signal experiences more gain than ASE with the same polarization as the saturating signal.1 The accumulated enhancement of orthogonal ASE degrades the performance of long systems.1,2 This effect has been observed in single EDFAs using differential measurement techniques.3,4 A computer model of polarization hole-burning (PHB) has been presented.5 It postulates that each ion has an ellipsoid-like surface representing the emission and absorption cross-sections. The ratio of the major to minor cross-sections is the anisotropy parameter:

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A Comparison of Spectral Holeburning in Fluoride and Silicate Glasses Doped With Nd3+

B. Jacquier, R. M. Macfarlane

Persistent spectral holeburning is known to occur in rare-earth doped silica-based glasses,1-3 where the mechanism is attributed to light induced changes in the coupling of tunnelling systems (TLS) which are characteristic of the amorphous state. A number of hole parameters such as lifetime, saturation depth and temperature dependence of the width, can provide important information on the density of states and dynamics of the TLS. We present the first data on spectral holeburning in a rare-earth doped heavy metal fluoride glass (HMF, Rennes) and compare with data obtained on a silicate glass (ED-2, Owens-Illinois). For this study we have chosen the well known 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3+ ion whose absorption peaks around 870nm (HMF) and 880nm (ED-2). Previous holeburning and photon echo measurements have been reported on the 4I9/2 ← → 4G5/2 transition of the Nd3+ of bulk ED-2 glass4 and on the 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3' transition of a pure silica fiber.3,5

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations
Polarized 4F3/2→4I11/2 and 4F3/2→4F9/2 emission of Nd3+ in silicate laser glasses are measured using resonant and nonresonant fluorescence line narrowing techniques. The observed depolarization ratio is a measure of the anisotropy of the stimulated emission cross section and the degree of polarization hole burning that will occur for lasers operating in the large-signal gain regime.
Laser-induced fluorescence line narrowing has been observed for the first time in a nonresonantly excited rare-earth system. Excitation with the 4727-\AA{} A+{A}^{+}A+ line into the 4G112^{4}G_{\frac{11}{2}}4G211​​ level of Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+ in glass results in narrowing of transitions from the 4F32^{4}F_{\frac{3}{2}}4F23​​ to both the 4I92^{4}I_{\frac{9}{2}}4I29​​ ground manifold and the 4I112^{4}I_{\frac{11}{2}}4I211​​ excited manifold. The concentration dependence of the line narrowing provides information regarding resonant ion-ion energy transfer within the inhomogeneously broadened system.
Germanosilicate glass shows inhomogeneous saturation behavior,1 whereas aluminogermanosilicate glass shows homogeneous behavior.2 Zemon et al.3 have published a study of nonresonant fluorescence line narrowing (FLN), but their spectra show little evidence of significant spectral narrowing by site selection. Spectral hole-burning spectroscopy has been applied by Desurvire et al.4 on Er3+ in aluminosilicate fiber. They extracted an inhomogeneous linewidth Γin of 12.5 nm and a homogeneous linewidth Γh of 115 nm.
Resonance-fluorescence-line-narrowing studies have been performed on a representative group of Er3+ -doped glasses for excitation in both the 1530 and 980-nm bands at 4.2, 77, 200, and 300 K. Fluorozirconate, fluorophosphate, phosphate, silicate, Ge/P-doped and A1/P-doped silica preforms, and Al/P-doped and Ge-doped fibers were examined. At 77 K the homogeneous linewidths were found to be relatively insensitive to composition. In particular, they vary from 1.4 to 1.8 cm-1 for the different hosts using excitation at 1531 nm. At 300 K weak resonant features were observed in most samples, consistent with a small inhomogeneous contribution to a predominantly homogeneous fluorescence emission.
In Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), ASE polarized orthogonal to a saturating signal experiences more gain than ASE with the same polarization as the saturating signal.1 The accumulated enhancement of orthogonal ASE degrades the performance of long systems.1,2 This effect has been observed in single EDFAs using differential measurement techniques.3,4 A computer model of polarization hole-burning (PHB) has been presented.5 It postulates that each ion has an ellipsoid-like surface representing the emission and absorption cross-sections. The ratio of the major to minor cross-sections is the anisotropy parameter:
Persistent spectral holeburning is known to occur in rare-earth doped silica-based glasses,1-3 where the mechanism is attributed to light induced changes in the coupling of tunnelling systems (TLS) which are characteristic of the amorphous state. A number of hole parameters such as lifetime, saturation depth and temperature dependence of the width, can provide important information on the density of states and dynamics of the TLS. We present the first data on spectral holeburning in a rare-earth doped heavy metal fluoride glass (HMF, Rennes) and compare with data obtained on a silicate glass (ED-2, Owens-Illinois). For this study we have chosen the well known 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3+ ion whose absorption peaks around 870nm (HMF) and 880nm (ED-2). Previous holeburning and photon echo measurements have been reported on the 4I9/2 ← → 4G5/2 transition of the Nd3+ of bulk ED-2 glass4 and on the 4I9/2 ← → 4F3/2 transition of the Nd3' transition of a pure silica fiber.3,5