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Applied Optics

Optical security validation using Michelson interferometer

Wei Liu, Zhengjun Liu, Shutian Liu

Published Feb 26, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an improved interference-based encoding that is suitable for security validation application. Two random phase masks are designed by a specific iterative phase retrieval algorithm; they serve as the system phase lock and the authentication key. In the validation process, two-beam interference is implemented using the two masks with a classical Michelson interferometer; the phase lock is fixed on one interference arm, and the authentication key is presented on another moveable arm, which can output two recognizable images by moving a certain distance. Without the correct authentication key, the secret image cannot be recognized even knowing the system lock. As a result, the validation result can be simply determined by checking the interference outputs. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed optical validation method.

DOI
10.1364/ao.54.001802

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We propose an improved interference-based encoding that is suitable for security validation application. Two random phase masks are designed by a specific iterative phase retrieval algorithm; they serve as the system phase lock and the authentication key. In the validation process, two-beam interference is implemented using the two masks with a classical Michelson interferometer; the phase lock is fixed on one interference arm, and the authentication key is presented on another moveable arm, which can output two recognizable images by moving a certain distance. Without the correct authentication key, the secret image cannot be recognized even knowing the system lock. As a result, the validation result can be simply determined by checking the interference outputs. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposed optical validation method.
In this paper, we demonstrate a security system by using optical interference and phase retrieval algorithm (PRA) techniques. The modified PRA is proposed to encode the target image into random phase distribution. Optical and digital methods can be used for decryption. By using this method, silhouette elimination is realized. In addition, due to this simplified system design, the iterative rate is improved and the optical decryption realization is easier. Validity and performance of the proposed system are demonstrated by means of numerical simulations. The system encryption capacity as to both binary and gray images is numerically investigated. Then, the decryption procedure is demonstrated by optical experiment means and the decryption result is given.
Optical techniques have been widely studied for securing and validating information, which is one of the most important challenges of the present time. In this work, we study simultaneous authentication of multiple input encrypted images which have been multiplexed in a single plane. The interference-based encryption architecture is used to generate two phase masks for each distinct image, which would serve as the phase lock and the phase key. The phases are made sparse by randomly retaining few pixels of the phase values. The phase locks corresponding to different images are then multiplexed in a single plane. For authenticating the phase masks, the concept of nonlinear correlation has been applied, which offer better correlation peaks than the conventional joint transform correlators. The proposed idea aims to achieve simultaneous encryption and authentication of multiple images and overcomes the constraints of storage issue.
A color information cryptosystem based on optical interference principle and spiral phase encoding is proposed. A spiral phase mask (SPM) is used instead of a conventional random phase mask because it contains multiple storing keys in a single phase mask. The color image is decomposed into RGB channels. The decomposed three RGB channels can avoid the interference of crosstalks efficiently. Each channel is encoded into an SPM and analytically generates two spiral phase-only masks (SPOMs). The two SPOMs are then phase-truncated to get two encrypted images and amplitude-truncated to produce two asymmetric phase keys. The two SPOMs and the two asymmetric phase keys can be allocated to four different authorized users. The order, the wavelength, the focal length, and the radius are construction parameters of the SPM (or third SPOM) that can also be assigned to the four other different authorized users. The proposed technique can be used for a highly secure verification system, so an unauthorized user cannot retrieve the original image if only one key out of eight keys is missing. The proposed method does not require iterative encoding or postprocessing of SPOMs to overcome inherent silhouette problems, and its optical setup alleviates stringent alignment of SOPMs. The validity and feasibility of the proposed method are supported by numerical simulation results.
A new nonlinear optical image encryption scheme based on a modified amplitude phase retrieval algorithm is proposed. With two random phase masks that serve as the public encryption keys, one iterative amplitude and phase retrieval process is employed to encode the primary image into a stationary white noise. The two private keys generated in the encryption process are randomly distributed binary matrices to be used to perform one-way binary phase modulations. The proposed encryption process is nonlinear and offers enhanced security. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and security of the proposed system. The results also illustrate that the computing efficiency of the algorithm is improved and the number of iterations is much less than that of cryptosystem based on Yang-Gu algorithm, which has two iteration processes.
We develop a phase-modulated optical system with sparse representation for information encoding and authentication. The optical cryptosystem is developed with cascaded phase-only masks, and the plaintext is encoded into the cascaded phase-only masks based on an iterative phase retrieval algorithm during the encryption. Two simple strategies are developed to generate sparse data: The sparse data are randomly generated from the extracted phase-only masks, and sparse data are randomly generated from the plaintext. These two sparsity strategies are respectively used in the proposed optical security system, and the decrypted images cannot visually render information about the plaintext. Optical authentication method is further applied to verify the decrypted images. It is illustrated that the optical authentication operation with sparsity strategy can provide an additional security layer for the optical security system.
We report a novel optical method of interference-based multiple-image encryption and authentication via lateral shift multiplexing and sparsification. We encode multiple original images into two ciphertexts only containing partial information of the multiple images when the secret key generated randomly is laterally movable within a predefined interval, and we analytically derive the two other keys of each original image. Information discrimination for each original image as well as its silhouette is still prohibited in spite of the utilization of one, two, three, or even four masks for decryption. The three secret keys of each original image significantly improve the security of the proposed method, and binary amplitude masks are included in the decryption and authentication procedure. Moreover, the proposed scheme completely eliminates the cross-talk problem and destroys any high correlation between the plaintexts and ciphertexts. Numerical simulations are executed to prove the effectiveness and security of this scheme.