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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Strong coupling and dressed states of an interface island in a pillar semiconductor microcavity

Giovanna Panzarini, Elisa Molinari

Published Aug 29, 2001• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present a theoretical scheme to investigate the coupled states of a zero-dimensional semiconductor structure and the confined modes of a pillar microcavity, taking into account interacting exciton states and both coherent and incoherent dynamical processes. For quantum-well monolayer fluctuations we find that the frequency of the cavity modes can be tuned in such a way that both exciton and biexciton states are in the strong coupling regime. The calculated luminescence spectra are interpreted in terms of transitions between the dressed states of the composite radiation-matter system.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.64.113307

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We present a theoretical scheme to investigate the coupled states of a zero-dimensional semiconductor structure and the confined modes of a pillar microcavity, taking into account interacting exciton states and both coherent and incoherent dynamical processes. For quantum-well monolayer fluctuations we find that the frequency of the cavity modes can be tuned in such a way that both exciton and biexciton states are in the strong coupling regime. The calculated luminescence spectra are interpreted in terms of transitions between the dressed states of the composite radiation-matter system.
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We present a study of the strong coupling between radiation and matter, considering a system of two quantum dots, which are in mutual interaction and interact with a single mode of light confined in a semiconductor nanocavity. We take into account dissipative mechanisms such as the escape of the cavity photons, decay of the quantum dot excitons by spontaneous emission, and independent exciton pumping. It is shown that the mutual interaction between the dots can be measured off-resonance only if the strong coupling condition is reached. Using the quantum regression theorem, a reasonable definition of the dynamical coupling regimes is introduced in terms of the complex Rabi frequency. Finally, the emission spectrum for relevant conditions is presented and compared with the above definition, demonstrating that the interaction between the excitons does not affect the strong coupling.
We present a coherent nonlinear optical study of composite exciton-cavity systems in the strong-coupling regime. Quantum oscillations in a transient four-wave-mixing response show the creation of a coherent superposition state between the two normal modes of the composite system and demonstrate in the time domain the coherent energy exchange between the exciton and cavity. The deep oscillation persists when the cavity resonance is far detuned from the exciton resonance. The result shows that dynamics of the nonlinear response can be in a nonperturbative regime while dynamics of the linear response remains in a perturbative regime.
Light and matter can be unified under the strong coupling regime, creating superpositions of both, called dressed states or polaritons. After initially being demonstrated in bulk semiconductors and atomic systems ,strong coupling phenomena have been realized in solid state optical microcavities. They form an essential ingredient in the exciting physics spanning from many-body quantum coherence phenomena, like Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity, to cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED). A widely used approach within cQED is the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model that describes the interaction of a single fermionic two-level system with a single bosonic photon mode. For a photon number larger than one, known as quantum strong coupling (QSC), a significant anharmonicity is predicted for the ladder-like spectrum of dressed states. For optical transitions in semiconductor nanostructures, first signatures of the quantum strong coupling were recently published. In our latest report we applied advanced coherent nonlinear spectroscopy to explore a strongly coupled exciton-cavity system. Specifically, we measured and simulated its four-wave mixing (FWM) response, granting direct access to the first two rungs of the JC ladder. This paper summarizes the main results of Ref. 15 and adds FWM experiments obtained on a micropillar cavity in which a doublet of quantum dot (QD) excitons interacts with the cavity mode in the limit of weak to strong coupling.
This chapter attempts to give a review of the main concepts and principal experimental results on semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime. Atomic single-mode interactions in the strong coupling regime were first achieved using Rydberg transitions in the microwave region of the spectrum, and more recently have been achieved using optical transitions. The assumption that the absorption spectrum in bare quantum wells is coincident with the energy distribution of the excitons amounts to an assumption that the excitonic states are localised. The chapter reviews the basic-quantum mechanical model for two-level atoms in a single-mode cavity and its relation to classical linear dispersion theory. Tests of fundamental issues in quantum optics such as quantum measurement theory become possible when the coupled atom-cavity system is in the strong coupling regime and the average number of atoms in the cavity is one.