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Journal of Modern Optics

Large polarization self-rotation in rubidium vapour: application for squeezing of electromagnetic vacuum

Irina V. Novikova, Andrey B. Matsko, George R. Welch

Published Nov 1, 2002• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study polarization self-rotation of elliptically polarized light in an optically thick atomic rubidium vapour. Polarization rotation angles as large as 2 radians were detected. We discuss the application of this self-rotation for squeezing of electromagnetic vacuum and develop a theoretical model of the effect.
DOI
10.1080/0950034021000011293

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When linearly polarized light propagates through a medium in which elliptically polarized light would undergo self-rotation, squeezed vacuum can appear in the orthogonal polarization. A simple relationship between self-rotation and the degree of vacuum squeezing is developed. Taking into account absorption, we find the optimum conditions for squeezing in any medium that can produce self-rotation. We then find analytic expressions for the amount of vacuum squeezing produced by an atomic vapor when light is near-resonant with a transition between various low-angular-momentum states. Finally, we consider a gas of multilevel Rb atoms, and analyze squeezing for light tuned near the D lines under realistic conditions.
We present an experimental and theoretical study of self-rotation of optical polarization in a rubidium vapor.The atomic vapor is placed in a magnetic shielding cavity to suppress the Faraday rotation effect.In our experiment, Doppler-free spectroscopy configuration is used, and F = 2 → F = 3 transition of 87 Rb D2 line is chosen.We observe self-rotation of optical polarization effect at different pump light ellipticities.A theoretical analysis is then provided based on the experimental conditions.Theoretical simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.
The traversal of an elliptically polarized optical field through a thermal vapor cell can give rise to a rotation of its polarization axis. This process, known as polarization self-rotation (PSR), has been suggested as a mechanism for producing squeezed light at atomic transition wavelengths. We show results of the characterization of PSR in isotopically enhanced rubidium-87 cells, performed in two independent laboratories. We observed that, contrary to earlier work, the presence of atomic noise in the thermal vapor overwhelms the observation of squeezing. We present a theory that contains atomic noise terms and show that a null result in squeezing is consistent with this theory.
Nonclassical states of light are of increasing interest due to their applications in the emerging field of quantum information processing and communication. Squeezed light is such a state of the electromagnetic field in which the quantum noise properties are altered compared with those of coherent light. Squeezed light and squeezed vacuum states are potentially useful for quantum information protocols as well as optical measurements, where sensitivities can be limited by quantum noise. We experimentally study a source of squeezed vacuum resulting from the interaction of near-resonant light with both cold and hot Rb atoms via the nonlinear polarization self-rotation effect (PSR). We investigate the optimal conditions for noise reduction in the resulting squeezed states, reaching quadrature squeezing levels of up to 2.6 dB below shot noise, as well as observing noise reduction for a broad range of detection frequencies, from tens of kHz to several MHz. We use this source of squeezed vacuum at 795 nm to further study the noise properties of these states and how they are affected by resonant atomic interactions. This includes the use of a squeezed light probe to give a quantum enhancement to an optical magnetometer, as well as studying the propagation of squeezed vacuum in an atomic medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also investigate the propagation of pulses of quantum squeezed light through a dispersive atomic medium, where we examine the possibilities for quantum noise signals traveling at subluminal and superluminal velocities. The interaction of squeezed light with resonant atomic vapors finds various potential applications in both quantum measurements and continuous variable quantum memories.