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Applied Physics Letters

Proposed atomic mercury anti-Stokes frequency converter

Hiroshi Komine, Robert L. Byer

Published Sep 1, 1975• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose to use population stored in the radiatively trapped 6°P1° atomic mercury resonant level (1850 Å) for frequency conversion by an anti-Stokes or two-photon process. Inversion is with respect to the lower-lying 63P °0,1,2 levels which are assumed empty following selective quenching or rapid conversion to the mercury dimer. Photon conversion gains of 2.5×10−2 cm/MW for 1.06-μm and 8.7×10−5 cm/MW for 10.6-μm input wavelengths with corresponding 0.4157- and 0.9116-μm output wavelengths are calculated at a 1016-cm−3 inversion density.

DOI
10.1063/1.88454

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We propose to use population stored in the radiatively trapped 6°P1° atomic mercury resonant level (1850 Å) for frequency conversion by an anti-Stokes or two-photon process. Inversion is with respect to the lower-lying 63P °0,1,2 levels which are assumed empty following selective quenching or rapid conversion to the mercury dimer. Photon conversion gains of 2.5×10−2 cm/MW for 1.06-μm and 8.7×10−5 cm/MW for 10.6-μm input wavelengths with corresponding 0.4157- and 0.9116-μm output wavelengths are calculated at a 1016-cm−3 inversion density.
The anti-Stokes Raman laser process is an interesting method for frequency upconversion and generation of tunable UV radiation. This method requires no index matching and allows high-conversion efficiencies and output energies and large frequency shifts in a single step. A basic requirement is a population inversion between a metastable level and a suitable lower-lying level. So far anti- Stokes laser emission has been demonstrated using the metastable TI (6P3/2). l(5P1/2). and Br (4P1/2) levels, where a population inversion with respect to the corresponding atomic ground states has been generated by photodissociation of suitable compounds.1-3 For the Tl system efficiencies of 10 % and output energies of ~1 mJ (at 377 nm) have been reported,1 and with Br a shortest wavelength of 149 nm was possible by upconversion of 157.5-nm radiation of a F2 laser.3
We experimentally demonstrate efficient Raman conversion to respective Stokes and anti-Stokes fields in both pulsed and continuous modes with a Rb-87 atomic vapor cell. The conversion efficiency is about 40-50% for the Stokes field and 20-30% for the anti-Stokes field, respectively. This conversion process is realized with feedback of both the Raman pump and the frequency-converted fields (Stokes or anti-Stokes). The experimental setup is very simple and can be applied easily to produce the light source with larger frequency difference using other Raman media. They may have wide applications in nonlinear optics, atomic physics, quantum optics and precise measurement.
The generation of 145.6-nm radiation by stimulated anti-Stokes Raman scattering in inverted atomic selenium was first reported by Ludewigt et al. 1 We have performed experimental studies of this process in similar excitation conditions, which allow us to compare some of the results in the two studies. The inverted population of the selenium (4p4)1S0 metastable state relative to the (4p4)3P0 state was prepared by photodissociation of COSe vapor using broadband 193-nm radiation from an ArF excimer laser. The pump beam at 205.1 nm was generated by the first-order Stokes shift in deuterium of narrowband (0.27-cm–1), 193-nm radiation from a separate, tunable ArF laser. The pump beam was tuned near the selenium (4p4)1S0–(4p35s)3P1 intermediate resonance to generate tunable, coherent radiation at 145.6 nm. We have studied the process in a variety of experimental conditions. Factors affecting the conversion efficiency and tunability include the initial COSe pressure, the intensities and relative timing of the photolyzing and pump beams, and the presence of buffer gases. The experimental results are compared with theoretical calculations based on a recently developed three-level model2 which incorporates Doppler broadening and arbitrary decay times.