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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

An Indium anti-Stokes Raman laser

J. C. White, Don O. Henderson

Published May 1, 1984• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Tunable anti-Stokes Raman laser emission is reported for the first time in a medium of inverted metastable In atoms. A 451 nm input laser was up-converted to 410 nm with a photon conversion efficiency of 0.25 percent. The total tuning range was 70 cm-1. The effective storage time of the In metastable atoms was measured and a1/edecay time of 120 ns was observed.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1984.1072419

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Tunable anti-Stokes Raman laser emission is reported for the first time in a medium of inverted metastable In atoms. A 451 nm input laser was up-converted to 410 nm with a photon conversion efficiency of 0.25 percent. The total tuning range was 70 cm-1. The effective storage time of the In metastable atoms was measured and a1/edecay time of 120 ns was observed.
Threshold characteristics for an anti-Stokes Raman laser based on inverted, metastable TI * (6p(2)P degrees (3/2)) atoms are studied. Raman upconversion of a tunable dye laser at 535 to 378 nm is observed with an overall tuning range of 1125 cm(-1) for a single-pass laser device. The anti-Stokes pump-laser threshold varies inversely as the square of the detuning from the intermediate Raman level, except in a region ~50 cm(-1) to either side of the resonance, where the threshold is constant. These observations are explained in terms of group-velocity dispersion effects and are in good agreement with a simple theoretical model.
The anti-Stokes Raman laser process is an interesting method for frequency upconversion and generation of tunable UV radiation. This method requires no index matching and allows high-conversion efficiencies and output energies and large frequency shifts in a single step. A basic requirement is a population inversion between a metastable level and a suitable lower-lying level. So far anti- Stokes laser emission has been demonstrated using the metastable TI (6P3/2). l(5P1/2). and Br (4P1/2) levels, where a population inversion with respect to the corresponding atomic ground states has been generated by photodissociation of suitable compounds.1-3 For the Tl system efficiencies of 10 % and output energies of ~1 mJ (at 377 nm) have been reported,1 and with Br a shortest wavelength of 149 nm was possible by upconversion of 157.5-nm radiation of a F2 laser.3
The first observation of nonresonant, stimulated anti-Stokes Raman emission is reported. A metastable Tl(6p2P32o)\mathrm{Tl}(6p^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}^{o})Tl(6p2P23​o​) inversion is created by selective photodissociation of TlCl. Raman scattering from the Tl metastable state to ground using 532- and 355-nm pump lasers resulted in stimulated emission at 376 and 278 nm, respectively. Conversion efficiencies up to 10% are reported.