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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

A disorder solution for a cubic Ising model

Marc-Thierry Jaekel, J.-M. Maillard

Published Mar 11, 1985• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The exact expression of the partition function of a three-dimensional cubic Ising model, with nearest-neighbour interactions, is given, when a certain relation between the coupling constants of the model is satisfied. This disorder solution is then compared with a partially resummed high-temperature expansion of the partition function of the model. The constraints on this expansion, which result from the existence of the disorder solution and from the inversion relation are discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/18/4/013

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The exact expression of the partition function of a three-dimensional cubic Ising model, with nearest-neighbour interactions, is given, when a certain relation between the coupling constants of the model is satisfied. This disorder solution is then compared with a partially resummed high-temperature expansion of the partition function of the model. The constraints on this expansion, which result from the existence of the disorder solution and from the inversion relation are discussed.
The three-dimensional Ising model in a zero external field is exactly solved by operator algebras, similar to the Onsager’s approach in two dimensions. The partition function of the simple cubic crystal imposed by the periodic boundary condition along two directions and the screw boundary condition along the third direction is calculated rigorously. In the thermodynamic limit an integral replaces a sum in the formula of the partition function. The critical temperatures, at which order–disorder transitions in the infinite crystal occur along three axis directions, are determined. The analytical expressions for the internal energy and the specific heat are also presented.
The partition function of a three-dimensional Ising model was calculated by a high-speed computer for a cubic array of twenty-seven points. The periodicity condition was imposed. The specific heat of the 3×3×3 lattice was calculated as a function of temperature. The critical temperature estimated from the specific heat curve seems slightly lower that obtained from the Padé approximation. The zeros of the partition function of the complex temperature plane were also obtained. The critical temperature estimated from the zeros near the positive real axis seems slightly higher than both of the above values. Similar calculations were carried out for the case of the two-dimensional Ising model. Several results are compared with those obtained from Onsager's exact solution.
In this work, we first reveal the nature of three dimensions: the existence of non-local behavior. Taking the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model as an example, we analyze the transfer matrices as well as the partition function to discuss in details the origin of non-local behavior in three dimensions. We then point out that fail to deal with non-local behavior is one of the main disadvantages of several theoretical approaches (such as conventional low-temperature expansions, conventional high-temperature expansions, perturbative renormalization group and Monte Carlo methods, etc), all of which take local environments into account only. This work provides a deep understanding on the natural difference between 3D bulk materials and 2D materials, and shows that how to treat the non-local behavior and the interaction between spins along the third dimension is a key point for solving exactly the problems of the 3D systems with the nearest neighboring interactions. Finally, we will briefly review recent advance in the 3D Ising model and related topics.
A high temperature expansion is employed to map some complex anisotropic nonhermitian three dimensional Ising models with algebraic long range interactions into a solvable two dimensional variant. Some solutions are presented. This framework further allows for some very simple general observations. It will be seen that the absence of a “phase interference ” effect plays an important role in high dimensional problems. A very forbidding purely algebraic recursive series solution to the three dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model will be given. In the aftermath, the full-blown three dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model is exactly mapped onto a single spin 1/2 particle with nontrivial dynamics. I.
Our aim is to investigate the critical behaviour of lattice spin models such as the three-dimensional Ising model in the thermodynamic limit. The exact partition functions (typically summed over the order of 1075 states) for finite simple cubic Ising lattices are computed using a transfer matrix approach. Q-state Potts model partition functions on two- and three-dimensional lattices are also computed and analysed. Our results are analysed as distributions of zeros of the partition function in the complex-temperature plane. We then look at sequences of such distributions for sequences of lattices approaching the thermodynamic limit. For a controlled comparison, we show how a sequence of zero distributions for finite 2d Ising lattices tends to Onsager’s thermodynamic solution. Via such comparisons, we find evidence to suggest, for example, a thermodynamic limit singular point in the behaviour of the specific heat of the 3d Ising model.