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Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

Vortex dynamics in superfluids and the Berry phase

D. J. Thouless, Ping Ao, Q. Niu

Published Nov 1, 1993• 17 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0378-4371(93)90503-v

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We study quasiparticle dynamics in a Bose-Einstein condensate with a vortex by following the center of mass motion of a Bogoliubov wave packet, and find important Berry-phase effects due to the background flow. We show that the Berry phase invalidates the usual canonical relation between the mechanical momentum and position variables, leading to important modifications of quasiparticle statistics and thermodynamic properties of the condensates. Applying these results to a vortex in an infinite uniform superfluid, we find that the total transverse force acting on the vortex is proportional to the superfluid density. We propose an experimental setup to directly observe Berry phase effects through measuring local thermal atoms' momentum distribution around a vortex.
We investigate the microscopic theory of collective excitations and vortex dynamics in superfluid systems. We derive an effective Gross-Pitaevskii Lagrangian for the vortex and collective excitations and obtain the dynamical equations governing their motion. We solve these equations without assuming adiabaticity of vortex motion and show that the vortex has a natural cyclotron frequency. This frequency allows us to identify the vortex mass which turns out to be finite. We also conclude that this implies the existence of a length scale due to the Berry phase associated to the vortex and that it acts as an infrared cutoff.