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Optics Express

Collective coupling of atoms with cavity mode and free-space field

Gessler Hernandez, Jiepeng Zhang, Yifu Zhu

Published Mar 11, 2009• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an experimental study of the collective coupling of three-level atoms with a cavity mode and a free-space laser field. The measurement of the cavity transmission with a weak probe field coupled into the cavity mode reveals three spectral peaks: two sidebands and a central peak, which is produced by the coherent interaction of the free-space field with individual atoms and the collective interaction of the multiple atoms with the cavity mode. The experimental results agree with a simple calculation based on the classical light transmission through a cavity containing multiple atoms coherently driven by a free-space laser.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.004798

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We report an experimental study of the collective coupling of three-level atoms with a cavity mode and a free-space laser field. The measurement of the cavity transmission with a weak probe field coupled into the cavity mode reveals three spectral peaks: two sidebands and a central peak, which is produced by the coherent interaction of the free-space field with individual atoms and the collective interaction of the multiple atoms with the cavity mode. The experimental results agree with a simple calculation based on the classical light transmission through a cavity containing multiple atoms coherently driven by a free-space laser.
We investigate the transmission spectrum of an optical cavity coupled with four-level atoms. Multiple normal-mode splitting peaks of the strongly coupled atom-cavity system are obtained as single cavity mode couples three separated atomic transitions simultaneously. We employ a confocal optical cavity and an ensemble of cold Rb-85 atoms for cavity quantum electrodynamics. We observe four normal-mode splitting peaks of the cavity transmission in the strong coupling regime due to collective enhancement of the atom-cavity coupling strength by ensemble of cold atoms. The experimental observations are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The multiple normal-mode excitation in the strongly coupled multi-level atom-cavity system may lead to practical application for realizing multi-channel all-optical devices.
We study atomic coherence and interference in four-level atoms confined in an optical cavity and explores the interplay between cavity QED and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The destructive interference can be induced in the coupled cavity-atom system with a free-space control laser tuned to the normal mode resonance and leads to suppression of the normal mode excitation. Then by adding a pump laser coupled to the four-level atoms from free space, the control-laser induced destructive interference can be reversed and the normal mode excitation is restored. When the free-space control laser is tuned to the atomic resonance and forms a Λ-type EIT configuration with the cavity-atom system, EIT is manifested as a narrow transmission peak of a weak probe laser coupled into the cavity mode. With the free-space pump laser driving the cavity-confined atoms in a four-level configuration, the narrow transmission peak of the cavity EIT can be split into two peaks and the dressed intra-cavity dark states are created analogous to the dressed states in free space. We report experimental studies of such coherently coupled cavity-atom system realized with cold Rb atoms confined in an optical cavity and discuss possible applications in quantum nonlinear optics and quantum information science.
We report an experimental observation of all-optical switching in a cavity QED system consisting of multiple three-level atoms confined in a cavity mode. A signal light is coupled into the normal mode of the cavity-atom system and its transmission through the cavity is switched on or off by a control laser coupled to the atoms from free space. Our experiment shows that the all-optical switching in the cavity QED system can be performed for the cavity mode tuned on resonance with or off resonance from the atomic transition frequency.
Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a coherently prepared cavity-atom system is manifested as a narrow transmission peak of a weak probe laser coupled into the cavity mode. We show that, with a resonant pump laser coupling the cavity-confined four-level atoms from free space, the narrow transmission peak of the cavity EIT is split into two peaks. The two peaks represent the dressed intracavity dark states and have a frequency separation approximately equal to the Rabi frequency of the free-space pump laser. We experimentally observed the dressed intracavity dark states in cold Rb atoms confined in a cavity, and the experimental results agree with theoretical calculations based on a semiclassical analysis.
Collective atomic behavior is studied theoretically for the case of two atoms coupled to a resonant optical cavity. Interference in the fluorescence from two atoms separated by a fixed distance is examined as a function of driving laser and cavity parameters. The fringe visibility, a measure of the coherence of the atomic radiation, is calculated for the system of two driven atoms and the cavity mode. In free space, as the atoms are ,driven towards saturation, the visibility drops due, to loss of coherence. The visibility goes from unity, at weak field, to 10% at saturation. Dramatic improvement in visibility is found in the presence of the atom-cavity coupling, with the largest enhancement at intermediate driving field. This result indicates that induced coherence is a sensitive measure of collective behavior. Our progress in the experimental realization of this system with laser cooled beryllium ions confined in a linear trap is described, and directions for future work are indicated.
We describe a white-light cavity scheme based on a cavity quantum electrodynamics system that consists of multiple three-level atoms confined in an optical cavity and coherently driven by a free-space, circularly polarized field. A linearly polarized field is coupled into the cavity mode and its two circular components induce coherent Raman transitions through the normal modes of the coupled atom-cavity system. One circular component of the cavity field experiences anomalous dispersion which enables broadband light transmission through the cavity. We present the experimental demonstration of the broadband light transmission through an optical cavity coupled to cold Rb atoms.