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Physical Review A

Local-field effects in a dense collection of two-level atoms embedded in a dielectric medium: Intrinsic optical bistability enhancement and local cooperative effects

Michael E. Crenshaw, Charles M. Bowden

Published Feb 1, 1996• 66 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the effect of a linear host medium on the dynamics of a dense collection of resonant atoms. We find that near dipole-dipole interaction is enhanced by the presence of the host dielectric, resulting in a lower threshold density and a greater hysteresis area for intrinsic optical bistability. Cooperative decay terms appear that represent the interaction of near dipoles mediated by the absorptive component of the dielectric function of the host medium. These terms are part of the local response and correspond to local cooperative decay effects. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.53.1139

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We investigate the effect of a linear host medium on the dynamics of a dense collection of resonant atoms. We find that near dipole-dipole interaction is enhanced by the presence of the host dielectric, resulting in a lower threshold density and a greater hysteresis area for intrinsic optical bistability. Cooperative decay terms appear that represent the interaction of near dipoles mediated by the absorptive component of the dielectric function of the host medium. These terms are part of the local response and correspond to local cooperative decay effects. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
The theory of superradiance by an ensemble of two-level atoms embedded in a dielectric host is developed. It is shown that the near dipole-dipole interaction of a dense collection of two-level atoms is enhanced by the presence of the host material, decreasing the pulse temporal width and increasing the peak pulse intensity of superradiative emission. The influence of the inversion-dependent detuning effect on the parameters of the emitted pulses is investigated.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
We investigate local-field effects in nonlinear optical materials composed of two species of atoms. One species of atom is assumed to be near resonance with an applied field and is modeled as a two-level system while the other species of atom is assumed to be in the linear regime. If the near dipole-dipole interaction between two-level atoms is negligible, the usual local-field enhancement of the field is obtained. For the case in which near-dipole-dipole interactions are significant due to a high density of two-level atoms, local-field effects associated with the presence of a optically linear material component lead to local-field enhancement of the near dipole-dipole interaction, intrinsic cooperative decays, and coherence exchange processes.
Summary form only given. The dynamics of a medium consisting of a dense collection of two-level atoms interacting via the electromagnetic field has been derived from first principles. In dense media and condensed matter, the microscopic local field that couples with a single atom is related to the macroscopic field and volume propagation by the Lorentz-Lorenz relation written for an isotropic homogeneous medium. The dynamical equations for the medium, coupled self-consistently with the Maxwell inhomogeneous wave equation, are given in the rotating wave and dipole coupling approximations. The microscopic development is used within the framework of full quantization, and the explicit effects of spontaneous relaxation for the host as well as the atoms are treated, together with corresponding fluctuations. Particular effects upon intrinsic adiabatic inversion, self-induced transparency, and lasing without inversion, are presented and discussed. In particular, the equilibrium, stationary, and dynamical effects of the host medium, and medium and field fluctuations upon local field effects are discussed.
We consider a boundary value problem of reflection of a powerful light wave from a dense resonant medium that exhibits intrinsic optical bistability because of the dipole–dipole interaction of two-level atoms. On the basis of analytical solutions and numerical simulations we establish that intrinsic optical bistability results in the dependence of the reflection coefficient on the adiabatically varying intensity of an external field. The reflection coefficient is an oscillating function of the intensity because of the additional reflectivity that is due to a light-induced sharp discontinuity in the nonlinear permittivity of a dense resonant medium.