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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Simultaneous observation ofN- and EIT- resonances in 40-micron thin cell filled with Rb and buffer gas

Armen D. Sargsyan, R. Mirzoyan, S. Cartaleva, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Mar 15, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report simultaneous observation of the N- and EIT- resonances formation using multi-region (MR) cell, which contains micrometric –thin region with the thickness L varying in the range of 1μm - 90μm. MR cell is filled with natural Rb and 150 Torr neon gas. To form N- and EIT- resonances in Λ-system, two lasers are used: the probe (with tunable frequency), and the coupling (with the fixed frequency) with λ ≈ 795 nm wavelength and 1MHz- line-width. Although, the best parameters of N-resonance could be obtained for a cell thickness about 1cm, the use of MR cell with the thickness 30-40 μm still allows to obtain a good contrast and a narrow line-width. The N-resonance demonstrates subnatural increase of the probe absorption and is formed when probe frequency νP1 is in resonance with the 85Rb transition Fg=2 →5P1/2, while for the coupling frequency the condition υC = υP1 + Δ1 (Δ1=3036 MHz) is fulfilled. The EITresonance is formed when νP2 scans the transition 87Rb, Fg=2 →5P1/2 and for the same coupling frequency the condition υC = υP2 +Δ2 (Δ2=6835 MHz) should fulfill. The frequency separation between N- and EIT-resonances is equal to Δ2-Δ1≈ 3.8 GHz. We also detected the low-frequency beating signal when the condition υC ≈ νP' is fulfilled, which allows a directly determine the coupling frequency υC. Splitting of N-resonance in the external longitudinal magnetic field into five components is detected. Possible applications are addressed.

DOI
10.1117/12.2010673

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters•Nov 1, 2012•25 citations
We report simultaneous observation of the N- and EIT- resonances formation using multi-region (MR) cell, which contains micrometric –thin region with the thickness L varying in the range of 1μm - 90μm. MR cell is filled with natural Rb and 150 Torr neon gas. To form N- and EIT- resonances in Λ-system, two lasers are used: the probe (with tunable frequency), and the coupling (with the fixed frequency) with λ ≈ 795 nm wavelength and 1MHz- line-width. Although, the best parameters of N-resonance could be obtained for a cell thickness about 1cm, the use of MR cell with the thickness 30-40 μm still allows to obtain a good contrast and a narrow line-width. The N-resonance demonstrates subnatural increase of the probe absorption and is formed when probe frequency νP1 is in resonance with the 85Rb transition Fg=2 →5P1/2, while for the coupling frequency the condition υC = υP1 + Δ1 (Δ1=3036 MHz) is fulfilled. The EITresonance is formed when νP2 scans the transition 87Rb, Fg=2 →5P1/2 and for the same coupling frequency the condition υC = υP2 +Δ2 (Δ2=6835 MHz) should fulfill. The frequency separation between N- and EIT-resonances is equal to Δ2-Δ1≈ 3.8 GHz. We also detected the low-frequency beating signal when the condition υC ≈ νP' is fulfilled, which allows a directly determine the coupling frequency υC. Splitting of N-resonance in the external longitudinal magnetic field into five components is detected. Possible applications are addressed.
Recently unique extremely thin cells (ETC) containing atomic vapour of alkali metals with the column thickness L of an order and much less than optical light wavelength λ have been developed. It has been demonstrated that these ETC are a very promising tool for a fundamental study of atom-light, atom-atom, atom-surface and atom-external magnetic field interactions. Particularly, a dramatically different behaviour of resonant absorption, fluorescence and resonant magneto-optical processes compared to that obtained with the help of cm-long ordinary cells has been demonstrated. Possible applications based on ETC are described, such as magnetometers with nanometric spatial resolution and tunable atomic frequency references. For the study of buffer gas influence, a multi-region cell (MRC) has been developed. MRC consists of an ETC cell having a wedged thickness of the gap between the windows that allows one to form atomic vapour column thickness in the range of 0.1 ÷ 4 μm. The ETC is connected through a sapphire tube with a 1cm-long sapphire tube having sapphire windows. The 1cm-long cell has a sapphire side-arm containing Rb metal. MRC's are filled with 6 Torr and 20 Torr Neon gas, thus there is Rb vapour and buffer gas inside the MRC. The construction of the MRC allows one to compare absorption and fluorescence processes simultaneously in the case of the ETC use as well as in the case of 1cm-long ordinary cell use. The comparison of the resonant absorption and fluorescence in the extremely thin cell (ETC) filled with pure Rb with another one filled with Rb and Neon gas with the pressures of 6 Torr and 20 Torr is provided. The effect of the collapse and revival of Dicke-type narrowing is still observable for the thicknesses L = λ/2, and L = λ, with λ being the resonant laser wavelength 794 nm (D1 line of Rb), i.e. the spectra of the resonant absorption and fluorescence demonstrate strong sub-Doppler narrowing for the thickness L = λ/2 and broadening for the thickness L = λ. It is important to note that in an ordinary Rb cell with the thickness L in the range of 1mm - 10 cm filled with buffer gas, with the pressure higher than 1 Torr, in the well-known Saturation Absorption scheme, any sub-Doppler features are absent. For L = λ the so called velocity selective optical pumping/saturating resonance (VSOP) located at the atomic transition is still observable when Ne pressure is 6 Torr, while the linewidth is increased by 4 times in comparison with that obtained in a pure Rb ETC. It is also demonstrated that the use of the fluorescence spectra at L = λ/2 allows one to use ETC for the buffer gas pressure measurements. Comparison with the theory will be presented.
Recently developed thin cells containing atomic vapor of micrometric column thickness L allow one to study peculiarities of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) phenomenon, along with the accompanying velocity selective optical pumping/saturation (VSOP) resonances for the case when < 100 &mgr;m. The micrometric thin cells (MTC) are filled with pure Rb and neither buffer gas nor paraffin-coated walls were used. The Λ-systems on D2 line of 85Rb have been studied experimentally with the use of bi-chromatic radiation of two separate diode lasers (λ≈780 nm, γL&≈ 5MHz). It is demonstrated that when L~60 &mgr;m it is still possible to form the EIT resonance with the sub-natural linewidth ~ 5 MHz. The EIT resonance linewidth increases up to 10 MHz , when column thickness L is reduced down to ~ 2 &mgr;m. Six VSOP resonances are detected in the fluorescence and absorption spectra when the thickness L ~ 10 &mgr;m. Dependence of the EIT resonance linewidth as a function of the atomic vapor column thickness L is presented.
Comparison of the absorption and fluorescence in the nanocell (or so called extremely thin cell) filled with pure Rb with another one filled with Rb and Neon gas is provided. The effect of the collapse and revival of Dicke-type narrowing is still observable for thickness L=lambda/2, and lambda, where lambda , is a resonant laser wavelength either 780 nm, or 795 nm (for Rb, D2 or D1 line). For L=  so called velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) resonance located at the atomic transition is still observable, while the linewidth is increased by 4 times in comparison with that obtained in the pure Rb nanocell. Comparison with the theory is presented. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency effect detected in the nanocell filled with Rb and Neon gas is presented. The EIT resonance linewidth is of 12 MHz when L~ 1 µm, while for the nanocell filled with pure Rb linewidth is ~9 MHz.
The narrow-band N-resonance formed in a Λ system of D 1-line rubidium atoms is studied in the presence of a buffer gas (neon) and the radiations of two continuous narrow-band diode lasers. Special-purpose cells are used to investigate the dependence of the process on vapor column thickness L in millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer ranges. A comparison of the dependences of the N-resonance and the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance on L demonstrates that the minimum (record) thickness at which the N-resonance can be detected is L = 50 μm and that a high-contrast EIT resonance can easily be formed even at L ≈ 800 nm. The N-resonance in a magnetic field for 85Rb atoms is shown to split into five or six components depending on the magnetic field and laser radiation directions. The results obtained indicate that levels F g = 2, 3 are initial and final in the N-resonance formation. The dependence of the N-resonance on the angle between the laser beams is analyzed, and practical applications are noted.
We report observation of a narrow (sub-natural) and high-contrast resonance of increased absorption (“bright” resonance) in Rb cell with Ne buffer gas under previously unexplored experimental conditions for coupling and probe radiation configuration. The coupling laser-stabilized frequency is detuned by ~3 GHz from 5S1/2, Fg=3 → 5P3/2, Fe=2,3,4 transitions, while the probe laser frequency is scanned across these transitions. We believe the bright resonance formation, occurring when the probe laser frequency is blue-shifted from the coupling frequency by a value of the ground state hyperfine splitting, is caused predominantly by a 2-photon absorption of the probe radiation 5S1/2, Fg=2 → 5S1/2, Fg=3 with 5P3/2 as an intermediate state. We also report and interpret splitting of the bright resonance into 6 well resolved and contrast components in moderate magnetic fields (B ~ 10 ÷ 250 G).
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance in strong magnetic fields of up to 1.7 kG has been investigated with the use of a 30-μm cell filled with an atomic rubidium vapor and neon as a buffer gas. The EIT resonance in the Λ system of the D 1 line of 85 Rb atoms has been formed with the use of two narrowband (∼1 MHz) 795-nm diode lasers. The EIT resonance in a longitudinal magnetic field is split into five components. It has been demonstrated that the frequencies of the five EIT components are either blue- or red-shifted with an increase in the magnetic field, depending on the frequency ν P of the probe laser. In has been shown that in both cases the 85 Rb atoms enter the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime in magnetic fields of >1 kG. The hyperfine Paschen-Back regime is manifested by the frequency slopes of all five EIT components asymptotically approaching the same fixed value. The experiment agrees well with the theory.