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The European Physical Journal D

A diode-laser optical frequency standard based on laser-cooled Ca atoms: Sub-kilohertz spectroscopy by optical shelving detection

Chris W. Oates, F. Bondu, Richard W. Fox, Leo W. Hollberg

Published Jan 1, 1999• 144 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s100530050589

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We report on the sub-kilohertz optical spectroscopy on the 1S0^{1}S_{0}1S0​- 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ intercombination transition in magnesium at 457 nm. The spectroscopic signal is probed by a time domain atom interferometer. The realization of this time domain atom interferometer with laser cooled and trapped atoms allows extremely long interaction times and leads to resolutions down to 491 Hz (FWHM). This corresponds to a high line QQQ factor of $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}$. Because of the high accuracy in the determination of the line center, applications with respect to an optical frequency standard are possible.
The Ca beam optical frequency standard has the potential to be small optical clock like small Cs beam clock in microwave regime. For improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the clock transition spectroscopy, the electron shelving detection, which uses the fast1S0-1P1423nm transition to detect the narrow1S0-3P1657nm clock transition, was applied for Ca beam optical frequency standard. Therefore the frequency stability of 423 nm laser to some extent determines the performance of the optical frequency standard. In this paper, we stabilize the 423 nm laser frequency to Ca beam signal with side-band locking technique and estimate the preliminary stability of 423 nm laser which is 1.4×10-11at 1 s and 2×10-12at 100 s.