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Physical Review A

Squeezing via a two-photon transition in a system of driven three-level atoms

Tran Quang

Published Mar 1, 1991• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Generation of squeezing via a two-photon transition in a system of three-level atoms, strongly driven by two resonant fields is investigated. Spontaneous emission, cavity damping, and collective effects are accounted for. It is shown that in the steady-state regime, strong squeezing can be generated.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.43.2561

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We investigate a cavity mode that interacts with a three-level atom in an open cavity that is coupled to a vacuum reservoir and is driven by coherent light. In our analysis, the interaction of the three-level atom with the external vacuum reservoir is taken into account and the noise operators of the vacuum reservoir are placed in normal order. While the spontaneous emission rate fluctuates as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], the cavity damping constant and stimulated emission decay constant, both set to 0.8, govern the system dynamics. Both the plus and negative components of the cavity light display quadrature squeezing. For coherent driving strengths [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text], the plus quadrature exhibits [Formula: see text] squeezing below the vacuum level, indicating that increasing the coherent drive can compensate for the decoherence introduced by spontaneous emission. Moreover, for [Formula: see text], the minus quadrature achieves [Formula: see text] squeezing. At high driving strengths, the squeezing in both quadratures becomes independent of spontaneous emission. In the absence of spontaneous emission, the mean photon number increases, and the photon number distribution shows a higher probability for even photon numbers than for odd ones, with the overall distribution decreasing as the photon number increases.
The occurrence of steady-state squeezing in a coherently driven three-level atom of the \ensuremath{\Lambda} configuration is found to be highly sensitive to the detection process of the fluorescence field. We show that there is no steady-state squeezing when the two atomic transitions equally contribute to the detected fluorescence field. There is no squeezing even when only one of the two possible transitions contributes to the detected fluorescence field, if the decay rate of the contributing transition is smaller than or equal to the decay rate of the other transition. Squeezing may occur only when the decay rate of the transition that exclusively contributes to the detected fluorescence field is larger than the decay rate of the other transition. Moreover, when the squeezing attains its maximum value, pure two-level squeezing is involved. The system reduces to a two-level system in which both the basic three-level dynamics and the two-photon coherences are destroyed.
Two-photon bistability in a system of three-level atoms driven by a single-frequency field shows nearly ideal squeezing close to a dynamic instability threshold, occurring in the lower branch of the steady-state bistability curve. The squeezing is maximized and becomes very broad band in the bad cavity limit. Such results which were previously predicted on the basis of an effective two-level model, are demonstrated here and analysed by a full three-level treatment of the atoms. In addition, important restrictions and new features are found.