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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Vortices in the two-dimensional s=1/2XY model

Donald D. Betts, F. C. Salevsky, Jos Rogiers

Published Feb 1, 1981• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Operators are derived for the vortex density and the vortex-antivortex pair density of s= 1 / 2 models on the square and triangular lattices. At T=0 the finite-lattice method estimates of the number of vortices and antivortices per plaquette for the XY model are 0.025+or-0.002 for the square lattice and 0.052+or-0.008 for the triangular lattice. High-temperature series expansions on the triangular lattice allow the vortex and pair densities of the XY model to be plotted against inverse temperature.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/14/2/028

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Operators are derived for the vortex density and the vortex-antivortex pair density of s= 1 / 2 models on the square and triangular lattices. At T=0 the finite-lattice method estimates of the number of vortices and antivortices per plaquette for the XY model are 0.025+or-0.002 for the square lattice and 0.052+or-0.008 for the triangular lattice. High-temperature series expansions on the triangular lattice allow the vortex and pair densities of the XY model to be plotted against inverse temperature.
Two-dimensional generalized XY spin model on a triangular lattice is studied by means of Monte-Carlo simulations. The critical temperatures of Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition are obtained by the method of helicity modulus. It is found that the results are consistent with those obtained by other methods. The vortex density and the vortex-antivortex pair formation energy are also obtained. The result shows that the critical temperature decreases with the increase of the generalization parameter q . While the vortex-antivortex pair formation energy increases with the increase of q when q>1 .
In our earlier work, we proposed a new microcanonical ensemble method and showed that the numerical results of this method are correct in 1D models. In this paper, the numerical data in 2D models are presented. One of our calculations is concentrated on fermionic models, because fermionic models behave quite differently from bosonic models when the dimension is larger than two (there may be boson-fermion duality in 1D). Our results come out to be consistent with exact values. To our knowledge, there is no other numerical methods which can present reliable calculation on fermionic models with large lattice, especially when the temperature is low. In addition to the test on fermionic models, we also show our results on quantum 2D XY model. We calculate longitudinal spin-spin correlation, specific heat, vortex density and vortex pair density. These results agree with the calculations by other methods. The data of vortex density and vortex pair density seem to display directly the unbinding of vortices- and antivortices. PACS. 05.30.Ch- Quantum ensemble theory. PACS. 65.50.+m- Thermodynamic properties and entropy.
We calculate the high-temperature series of the magnetic susceptibility and the second and fourth moments of the correlation function for the XY model on the square lattice to order beta;{33} by applying the improved algorithm of the finite lattice method. The long series allow us to estimate the inverse critical temperature as beta_{c}=1.1200(1) , which is consistent with the most precise value given previously by the Monte Carlo simulation. The critical exponent for the multiplicative logarithmic correction is evaluated to be theta=0.054(10) , which is consistent with the renormalization group prediction of theta=1/16 .
We numerically investigate the static properties of the two-dimensional (2D) XY-model on the Voronoi–Delaunay lattice, with average connectivity . The critical temperature, magnetization and vortex density are obtained. For instance, in this lattice the critical temperature, above which free vortices take place, reads TVDcr ≈ 1.22 (in units of J, the exchange constant), higher than their counterparts for regular square, TSLcr ≈ 0.79, and triangular lattices TTLcr ≈ 1.156, with constant connectivity given by 4 and 6, respectively. Such results lead us to argue that not only the connectivity number but also how the sites are distributed and linked among themselves is also important for determining these physical quantities.
The two-dimensional spin one half XY model may undergo an unusual type of phase transition. A formulation of the renormalization group approach of Niemeijer and van Leeuwen suitable for quantum-mechanical systems is presented. The method is applied to the spin one half XY model on the triangular lattice using a second order cumulant expansion based on division of the triangular lattice into seven spin cells. The resulting free energy curve is in excellent agreement with that obtained from the high temperature series expansion. An unstable fixed point is found but the corresponding critical temperature is not in good agreement with the series expansion value. Pathological values are found for the critical exponents.