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Photonics Global Conference

Polarization-based entanglement distribution and swapping at telecom wavelengths

Akio Yoshizawa, Yinghong Xue, Han Chuen Lim, Hidemi Tsuchida

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Our research work related to quantum entanglement in the 1550-nm telecom wavelength band is reviewed. We developed a very stable source of high-quality polarization-entangled photon-pairs, which we used to demonstrate both long-distance and broadband fiber-optic entanglement distribution. Polarization-based entanglement swapping experiment was also performed.

DOI
10.1109/pgc.2010.5705937

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Our research work related to quantum entanglement in the 1550-nm telecom wavelength band is reviewed. We developed a very stable source of high-quality polarization-entangled photon-pairs, which we used to demonstrate both long-distance and broadband fiber-optic entanglement distribution. Polarization-based entanglement swapping experiment was also performed.
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We present a fiber based source of entangled photon-pairs in the 1550 nm telecom band that can be integrated into the existing fiber network and is well suited for quantum information processing. With this source we have demonstrated the generation, storage, and long-distance distribution of polarization entanglement in standard optical fiber. We have also investigated the origin of the large number of accidental coincidences in the experiments, which has been proved to be Raman scattering, and discussed how to suppress the Raman scattering to improve the quality of the fiber source.
Entanglement is expected to play a crucial role in the next-generation quantum communication systems. This paper reviews recent quantum communication experiments over optical fiber using 1.5-µm telecom-band entangled photon pairs. After describing the telecom-band entanglement sources based on spontaneous parametric processes, we review three quantum communication experiments using entangled photons: a long-distance entanglement distribution, an entanglement-based quantum key distribution, and an entanglement swapping.
Entanglement swapping at telecom wavelengths is at the heart of quantum networking in optical fiber infrastructures. Although entanglement swapping has been demonstrated experimentally so far using various types of entangled photon sources both in near-infrared and telecom wavelength regions, the rate of swapping operation has been too low to be applied to practical quantum protocols, due to limited efficiency of entangled photon sources and photon detectors. Here we demonstrate drastic improvement of the efficiency at telecom wavelength by using two ultra-bright entangled photon sources and four highly efficient superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. We have attained a four-fold coincidence count rate of 108 counts per second, which is three orders higher than the previous experiments at telecom wavelengths. A raw (net) visibility in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between the two independent entangled sources was 73.3 ± 1.0% (85.1 ± 0.8%). We performed the teleportation and entanglement swapping, and obtained a fidelity of 76.3% in the swapping test. Our results on the coincidence count rates are comparable with the ones ever recorded in teleportation/swapping and multi-photon entanglement generation experiments at around 800 nm wavelengths. Our setup opens the way to practical implementation of device-independent quantum key distribution and its distance extension by the entanglement swapping as well as multi-photon entangled state generation in telecom band infrastructures with both space and fiber links.
We demonstrate the distribution of polarization entangled photons of wavelength 810 nm through standard telecom fibers. This technique allows quantum communication protocols to be performed over established fiber infrastructure, and makes use of the smaller and better performing setups available around 800 nm, as compared to those which use telecom wavelengths around 1550 nm. We examine the excitation and subsequent quenching of higher-order spatial modes in telecom fibers up to 6 km in length, and perform a distribution of high quality entanglement (visibility 95.6%). Finally, we demonstrate quantum key distribution using entangled 810 nm photons over a 4.4 km long installed telecom fiber link.