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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Simultaneous optical image processing by photon echoes

Sergey M. Zakharov, Eduard A. Manykin

Published Oct 25, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We examined the principles or designing optical inrormation processing systems based on the dmamic spatial and temporal properties o two—pulsed photon echo signals. Also discussed are the pro— perties o1 the resonant medium taken as an operational filter o tern— poral and spational frequencies conditioned by the sensitivity or ex— citing light pulses to the Fourier—spectrum. It was shown that the ability o quantum resonant schemes to degenerate, maniresting itseir depending on the resonant response rorn the square amplitude o the second exciting light pulse, can be used ror simultaneous correlative processing or optical images formed at the same time moments. Dir— rerences between methods o1 simultaneous image processing obtained by means or the Fourier optics are also discussed in the paper.

DOI
10.1117/12.160323

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We examined the principles or designing optical inrormation processing systems based on the dmamic spatial and temporal properties o two—pulsed photon echo signals. Also discussed are the pro— perties o1 the resonant medium taken as an operational filter o tern— poral and spational frequencies conditioned by the sensitivity or ex— citing light pulses to the Fourier—spectrum. It was shown that the ability o quantum resonant schemes to degenerate, maniresting itseir depending on the resonant response rorn the square amplitude o the second exciting light pulse, can be used ror simultaneous correlative processing or optical images formed at the same time moments. Dir— rerences between methods o1 simultaneous image processing obtained by means or the Fourier optics are also discussed in the paper.
The principles of optical processing based on dynamic spatial—temporal properties of two-pulse photon echo signals are considered. The properties of a resonant medium as an on-line filter of temporal and spatial frequencies are discussed. These properties are due to the sensitivity of such a medium to the Fourier spectrum of the second exiting pulse. Degeneracy of quantum resonant systems, demonstrated by the coherent response dependence on the square of the amplitude of the second pulse, can be used for 'simultaneous' correlation processing of optical 'signals'. Various methods for the processing of the Fourier optical image are discussed.
The photon echo application for optical digital processing of discrete images by the method of managing operators was examined. Photon echo is the pulse of light which is emitted spontaneously from a system of atoms previously irradiated by two or more coherent light pulses with length and power of 102divided by10-1 ps and 104divided by105 kW, respectively. These systems of resonant atoms are crystals with various paramagnetic activators. By using photon echo, the resonant systems are able to store and retrieve wave-front and temporal form of one of the excitation pulses. The photon echo application for information processing allows one to solve a number of problems with high efficiency. Different photon echo generating conditions can be utilized practically in all processor components, which creates certain prospects for using this effect in optical computing purposes.
Principles for analog and digital optical processing based on the two- pulse photon echo (PE) phenomenon are considered. Various architecture designs of optical pattern recognition systems and optical processors for analog and digital processing are discussed. Also various schemes of digital processors for vector-matrix multiplication with the pixel structure and of holographic type are suggested. These realizations depend on using of digital temporal or spatial mixed binary multiplication based on the PE.
The three-pulse stimulated photon echo has been considered as one of the most fundamental transient four wave mixing processes1, where each of the three excitation pulses induces a single elementary interaction process between a laser field and an inhomogeneously broadened two-level system., resulting in a burst of the fourth wave, i.e., echo. Now if four or more optical pulses are applied to a medium, a number of photon echoes should be expected, in general. At low excitation intensities where the perturbation theory is applicable, however, the dominant nonlinear process is still the three-pulse stimulated echo and consequently each echo signal is generated only by three of the preceding pulses. It is rather a remarkable result that the echo intensity is unaffected by the presence of all the rest of the pulses other than its three generators. With this in mind, it is theoretically and experimentally shown that by applying a single optical pulse (#1) propagating along k1 followed by N pairs of counter-propagating pulses (#2j (k2j) and #3j− (k3j = −k2j); j=1,…N) in various directions, it is possible to obtain N photon echoes along the direction -k1 opposite to the first pulse #1. We will call this degenerate photon echoes, degenerate in. the sense that the echoes are spatially overlapping and temporally simultaneous. When N=l, this scheme is reduced to the ordinary backward photon echo2,3. The doubly degenerate case (N=2) is illustrated in Fig. 1. The j-th echo will be generated by the set of pulses (#1, #2j, #3j) and appear at t = t3j + t2j − t1 where t1, i2j and t3j are the arrival times of the pulses #1, #2j and #3j, respectively.
Processing of two-dimensional images on a nanosecond time scale is demonstrated using the stimulated photon echoes in a rare-earth-doped crystal (0.1 at. % Pr(3+):LaF(3)). Two spatially encoded laser pulses (pictures) resonant with the (3)P(0)-(3)H(4) transition of Pr(3+) were stored by focusing the image pulses sequentially into the Pr(3+):LaF(3) crystal. The stored information is retrieved and processed by a third read pulse, generating the echo that is the spatial convolution or correlation of the input images. Application of this scheme to high-speed pattern recognition is discussed.