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Physical Review A

Bloch theorem on the Bloch sphere

Tianshi Lü, X. Miao, H. Metcalf

Published Jun 27, 2005• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Motivated by the production of strong optical forces on atoms, we have done numerical studies of adiabatic rapid passage in light that is both frequency and amplitude modulated in the form of chirped pulses, and we found unanticipated regularities. We have quantified these regularities in terms of a periodic Hamiltonian, and obtained a result similar to the Bloch theorem, but in the time domain. This led to further numerical studies and a quantitative description of the behavior of an atom under multiply repetitive sweeps.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.061405

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Optical Forces from Periodic Adiabatic Rapid Passage Sequences on Metastable Helium Atoms

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Over the past 30 years, optical manipulation of neutral atoms has been primarily performed with a monochromatic laser beam. The simplest tool for the control of atomic motion is the radiative force exerted by a monochromatic laser on a twolevel atom. The radiative force arises from absorption followed by spontaneous emission, and its magnitude is limited by the atom's excited state lifetime. The coherent momentum exchanges between light elds and atoms can be exploited to produce long-range optical forces much greater than the radiative force through the use of absorption-stimulated emission processes. Adiabatic Rapid Passage (ARP) is a long-existing method to invert the population of a two-level nuclear spin system. Its extension to the optical domain necessitates a frequency chirped light pulse to interact with a two-level atom via the dipole interaction. I will first present a numerical study of the properties of optical forces on moving atoms derived from purely stimulated processes produced by multiple ARP sequences. This will be followed by experimental observations of long-range ARP forces much larger than the radiative force in metastable helium. Sequences of properly timed laser pulses may be used for rapid deceleration of neutral atomic (or molecular) beams. | 171 pages

•Aug 1, 2012•0 citations
Motivated by the production of strong optical forces on atoms, we have done numerical studies of adiabatic rapid passage in light that is both frequency and amplitude modulated in the form of chirped pulses, and we found unanticipated regularities. We have quantified these regularities in terms of a periodic Hamiltonian, and obtained a result similar to the Bloch theorem, but in the time domain. This led to further numerical studies and a quantitative description of the behavior of an atom under multiply repetitive sweeps.
We present a numerical study of the properties of optical forces on moving atoms derived from purely stimulated processes produced by multiple adiabatic rapid-passage sequences. The optical Bloch equations are solved for a carefully timed sequence of frequency-swept pulses that can produce a force much larger than the ordinary radiative force. We describe the effects of the sweep range, peak intensity, sweep direction, number of pulses, atomic velocity, and spontaneous emission. Since the momentum of thermal atoms is much larger than that transferred by a single absorption-stimulated emission cycle, multiple repetitions are needed to make a significant velocity change.
Periodic adiabatic rapid passage from counterpropagating light pulses is used in a parameter domain outside of the conventionally expected successful range to produce large optical forces on atoms by coherent control of the momentum exchange between the light and atoms. Both the magnitude and velocity range are much larger than those of the usual radiative force. We observed the force on metastable He atoms by the deflection of the atomic beam with periodic pulse sequences. We have also been able to map out the force magnitude in the two-dimensional parameter space of peak Rabi frequency and sweep range, and we find qualitative agreement with our model.
We study the dynamics of ultracold atoms in a periodic optical potential submitted to a constant external force. Bloch oscillations in the fundamental and first excited bands of the potential are observed. In addition to a solid-state analysis we give a quantum-optics interpretation of this effect in terms of photon exchanges between the atoms and the laser waves. The dynamics of Bloch oscillations are equivalent to a sequence of adiabatic rapid passages between momentum states and can be described using the dressed-atom approach. We demonstrate efficient and dissipation-free acceleration of atoms by coherent transfer of a large number of photon momenta (\ensuremath{\approx}100). This technique produces atomic beams with a very small longitudinal velocity spread that may find applications in atom optics and precision measurements.
Over the past 30 years, optical manipulation of neutral atoms has been primarily performed with a monochromatic laser beam. The simplest tool for the control of atomic motion is the radiative force exerted by a monochromatic laser on a twolevel atom. The radiative force arises from absorption followed by spontaneous emission, and its magnitude is limited by the atom's excited state lifetime. The coherent momentum exchanges between light elds and atoms can be exploited to produce long-range optical forces much greater than the radiative force through the use of absorption-stimulated emission processes. Adiabatic Rapid Passage (ARP) is a long-existing method to invert the population of a two-level nuclear spin system. Its extension to the optical domain necessitates a frequency chirped light pulse to interact with a two-level atom via the dipole interaction. I will first present a numerical study of the properties of optical forces on moving atoms derived from purely stimulated processes produced by multiple ARP sequences. This will be followed by experimental observations of long-range ARP forces much larger than the radiative force in metastable helium. Sequences of properly timed laser pulses may be used for rapid deceleration of neutral atomic (or molecular) beams. | 171 pages