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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Deterministic implementation of optimal symmetric quantum cloning with nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to a whispering-gallery microresonator

Zhao Jin, Yan‐Qiang Ji, Ai‐Dong Zhu, Hong‐Fu Wang, Shou Zhang

Published Oct 1, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Schemes for implementing quantum cloning are proposed with nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond confined in separated microtoroidal resonators via a single-photon input–output process and linear optics. By properly arranging and adjusting the linear optical elements to control the interaction between photons and N-V centers, we realize quantum cloning transformations, including the optimal symmetric 1→2 universal, phase-covariant, and 1→M economical phase-covariant ones. In these schemes, photons are used as data buses and information is copied from one N-V center to the other. We also discuss the cloning fidelities and dissipative effects. The results show that the present schemes are robust under the current experimental conditions.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.002516

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Schemes for implementing quantum cloning are proposed with nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond confined in separated microtoroidal resonators via a single-photon input–output process and linear optics. By properly arranging and adjusting the linear optical elements to control the interaction between photons and N-V centers, we realize quantum cloning transformations, including the optimal symmetric 1→2 universal, phase-covariant, and 1→M economical phase-covariant ones. In these schemes, photons are used as data buses and information is copied from one N-V center to the other. We also discuss the cloning fidelities and dissipative effects. The results show that the present schemes are robust under the current experimental conditions.
We demonstrate efficient schemes of deterministic entanglement generation and quantum state transfer (QST) with the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond confined in separated microtoroidal resonators via single-photon input-output process. Assisted by the polarization of input photon pulse and the electron spin state of NV center, high fidelity NV center entangled states and photonic entangled states can be generated, respectively. The analyses of experimental feasibility show that our schemes work well with low quality resonators and weak coupling between qubits, which may be beneficial for exploring large-scale quantum information processing with diamond-based solid-state devices.
We propose an experimentally unified linear optical scheme to implement the optimal symmetric one to two (1 → 2) universal, optimal symmetric 1 → 2 phase-covariant and optimal symmetric economical one to three (1 → 3) phase-covariant quantum cloning machines of the polarization state of the single photon. This scheme requires single-photon sources as the input state. Here, we use a laser beam attenuated to the single-photon level as the input source. The scheme relies on one polarized qubit and two location qubits and it also involves linear optical elements. It is shown that under certain conditions, the scheme is feasible by current experimental technology.
We investigate the entanglement generation between two nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanocrystal coupled to a high-Q counterpropagating twin whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) of a microtoroidal resonator. For looking into the degree and dynamics of the entanglement, we calculate the concurrence using the microscopic master equation approach. The influences of the coupling strength between the WGMs (or the size of the two spherical NV centers), the distance between two NV centers, the frequency detuning between the NV center and microresonator, and the initial state of the system on the dynamics of concurrence are discussed in detail. It is found that the maximum entanglement between the two NV centers can be created by properly adjusting these controllable system parameters. Our results may provide further insight into future solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) system for quantum information engineering.
Quantum router is a key element needed for the construction of future complex quantum networks. However, quantum routing with photons, and its inverse, quantum decoupling, are difficult to implement as photons do not interact, or interact very weakly in nonlinear media. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of implementing photonic quantum routing based on effects in cavity quantum electrodynamics, and present a scheme for single-photon quantum routing controlled by the other photon using a hybrid system consisting of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center coupled with a whispering-gallery-mode resonator-waveguide structure. Different from the cases in which classical information is used to control the path of quantum signals, both the control and signal photons are quantum in our implementation. Compared with the probabilistic quantum routing protocols based on linear optics, our scheme is deterministic and also scalable to multiple photons. We also present a scheme for single-photon quantum decoupling from an initial state with polarization and spatial-mode encoding, which can implement an inverse operation to the quantum routing. We discuss the feasibility of our schemes by considering current or near-future techniques, and show that both the schemes can operate effectively in the bad-cavity regime. We believe that the schemes could be key building blocks for future complex quantum networks and large-scale quantum information processing.
This paper proposes a scheme to enhance the fidelity of symmetric and asymmetric quantum cloning using a hybrid system based on nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers. By setting different initial states, the present scheme can implement optimal symmetric (asymmetric) universal (phase-covariant) quantum cloning, so that the copies with the assistance of a Current-biased Josephson junction (CBJJ) qubit and four transmission-line resonators (TLRs) can be obtained. The scheme consists of two stages: the first stage is the implementation of the conventional controlled-phase gate, and the second is the realization of different quantum cloning machines (QCM) by choosing a suitable evolution time. The results show that the probability of success for QCM of a copy of the equatorial state can reach 1. Furthermore, the | W 4 ± ⟩ entangled state can be generated in the process of the phase-covariant quantum anti-cloning. Finally, the decoherence effects caused by the N-V center qubits and CBJJ qubit are discussed.
We research the input–output process with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers fixed on the surface of micro-toroidal resonators (MTRs) with whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) and then present an efficient scheme for the synchronized generation of Bell and W states. In our scheme, entanglement can be prepared with the assistance of the polarized photon pulse and electron spin state of NV center. The analysis of the efficiency shows that our scheme is feasible with the current technology, which can be further used for quantum information processing.