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Optica Acta International Journal of Optics

Stimulated Coulomb Interaction of Neutral Atoms

A. P. Kazantsev, V. P. Sokolov

Published Mar 1, 1980• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction of neutral atoms in an external resonance field in a wave zone is considered. It is shown that it may be regarded as the result of pressure on the atom exerted by light scattered by the second atom. Depending on the field intensity, the atoms may either attract or repel each other. In a strong field the force obeys the Coulomb-type law with an effective charge which depends on the field intensity and atom velocities. In a finite-density gas the interaction is comparable to the light pressure force. This may be important in studies of the kinetics of atoms in a resonant field.

DOI
10.1080/713820238

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The interaction of neutral atoms in an external resonance field in a wave zone is considered. It is shown that it may be regarded as the result of pressure on the atom exerted by light scattered by the second atom. Depending on the field intensity, the atoms may either attract or repel each other. In a strong field the force obeys the Coulomb-type law with an effective charge which depends on the field intensity and atom velocities. In a finite-density gas the interaction is comparable to the light pressure force. This may be important in studies of the kinetics of atoms in a resonant field.
The influence of the resonance light pressure on the motion of atoms and molecules is studied. A kinetic equation has been obtained describing the action on particles of both the mean force of light pressure and its fluctuations. The forces that are considered are due to spontaneous and stimulated transitions and also to a certain combination thereof. The kinetic equation is used to describe the scattering of atoms in conditions close to the experimental ones [16]. The temperature of atoms cooled in a standing wave with the aid of the force of light pressure of the combined type has also been found.
A theoretical and experimental study is presented of the effect of stimulated radiation pressure (SRP) under the conditions of strong saturation of the resonance transition when the interaction times between the atom and the field are short (shorter than the radiative lifetime). An experimental method for studying the scattering of an atomic beam by the field of a standing light wave is described. The measured dependence of the scattering efficiency on the electric field and the detuning from resonance are reported. Experimental relationships are compared with theoretical calculations based on the quasi-classical description of the motion of atoms in the field of a light wave, using an effective potential. It is shown that the efficiency of scattering of atoms by SRP forces is of the order of unity in relatively weak (100–1000-V/cm) laser fields.
The effect of a force of resonance pressure of light on the amplitude and frequency properties of saturated-absorption resonance in a gas of two-level atoms was studied. On the basis of numerical solutions of the Liouville and Fokker-Planck equations, dynamics of changes in the velocity-distribution function of an ensemble of atomic particles, depending on the saturation parameter and time of their interaction with a strong field of light, was evaluated. The shape of a resonance line, related to saturated absorption, and its location relative to the frequency of the atomic transition were determined taking into account the dynamics of the distribution function. The results of the calculations are compared with the experimental data.
A theoretical investigation is made of the force acting on a two-level atom under conditions of saturation in the field of counterpropagating amplitude- and frequency-modulated waves of different intensities, which are in resonance with an atomic transition. It is shown that the resultant induced optical pressure (due to preferential absorption of light of one of the waves and subsequent stimulated emission in the form of the other wave) depends linearly on the correlation function of the amplitude of the field of one of the waves and on the rate of change of the amplitude of the other wave, and also on the correlation function of the phase of one of the waves and the rate of change of the phase of the other wave at the point where the atom is located.
Control of atomic motion with resonant laser light is the most interesting field of research which is rapidly expanding. The book discusses the latest theoretical and experimental achievements in the study of these phenomena. The fundamental questions of the theory of resonant light pressure are given in the book. They are: 1. Optical Stern-Gerlach Effect and Quantization of Atomic Motion in a Light Field; 2. Theory of Light Pressure Force and Atomic Kinetics in a Strong Field; 3. Diffraction and Interference of Atoms; 4. Velocity Bunching Effect, Cooling and Localization of Atoms in Light Field, and 5. Polarization Phenomena and Recoil Effect. The most important experiments are also discussed in this book. While the book may be used to get a primary acquaintance with the subject, specialists will also find the latest theoretical and experimental results and achievements in this field discussed here.
The work is aimed at drawing attention to peculiar properties and the considerable magnitude of the vortical part of the light force which make it important for light-induced effects of atomic drift, cooling and trapping in gas. The author introduces basic notions that specify the vortical force, determine its properties and the functional structure and give estimates in the weak-field limit. The vortical force like the light gradient force and the light frictional force sharply increases in the light field resonantly exciting the atom, but depends quite differently on the resonance detunings, wavevectors, polarisation and light wave phases. The results give insight into how to control the vortex effect of light under what conditions it dominates critically the effect of light friction and gradient forces.