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IEICE Transactions on Electronics

Balanced Ternary Quantum Voltage Generator Based on Zero Crossing Shapiro Steps in Asymmetric Two-Junction SQUIDs

Masataka Moriya, Hiroyuki TAKIZAWA, Yoshinao Mizugaki

Published Jan 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The three-bit balanced ternary quantum voltage generator was designed and tested. This voltage generator is based on zero-crossing Shapiro steps (ZCSSs) in asymmetric two-junction SQUID. ZCSSs were observed on the current-voltage curves, and maximum and minimum current of ZCSSs were almost same, respectively for the three bits. 27-step quantum voltages from -13Φ0f to +13Φ0f were observed by combinations of inputs of bit1, bit2 and bit3.

DOI
10.1587/transele.e96.c.334

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The three-bit balanced ternary quantum voltage generator was designed and tested. This voltage generator is based on zero-crossing Shapiro steps (ZCSSs) in asymmetric two-junction SQUID. ZCSSs were observed on the current-voltage curves, and maximum and minimum current of ZCSSs were almost same, respectively for the three bits. 27-step quantum voltages from -13Φ0f to +13Φ0f were observed by combinations of inputs of bit1, bit2 and bit3.
On an asymmetric two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (2J-SQUID) driven by one sinusoidal rf signal, the observation of zero-crossing Shapiro steps have been reported. In this paper, the loop inductance, L and the ratio of critical currents of Josephson junctions of the 2J-SQUID were optimized by a simulation. Using three voltage states those this asymmetric 2J-SQUID has, the bipolar quantum voltage generator that has three asymmetric 2J-SQUIDs and two control lines, was designed based on obtained parameters. Within the bias current -voltage curves with seven different combinations of the control currents, seven quantized voltages were obtained at the zero bias current.
A zero-crossing Shapiro step (ZCSS) in an asymmetric and nonhysteretic two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) driven by one sinusoidal rf signal is presented. The operation is based on imbalanced evolution of the junction phases owing to the tilted interference diagrams. Dependence of ZCSS generation upon the frequency and amplitude of a rf signal was numerically obtained. A test circuit was designed and fabricated using a Nb∕AlOx∕Nb junction technology. When we irradiated a rf signal of 10GHz, a ZCSS at the voltage position of the first order was observed. The polarity of the step voltage was switched by a dc control flux to the SQUID loop. The experimental bias-current versus voltage and control-current versus voltage curves were quantitatively reproduced by numerical simulation.
We demonstrate a zero-crossing Shapiro step in an asymmetric two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) driven by one sinusoidal RF signal. The operation is based on the imbalanced evolution of the junction phases due to the tilted interference diagrams. A test circuit was fabricated using Nb/AlO x /Nb junction technology. When we applied an RF signal of 10 GHz, we observed a Shapiro step crossing the zero-current axis at the voltage position of the first order. The polarity of the step voltage was switched by a DC control flux to the SQUID loop. The experimental current–voltage curves were quantitatively reproduced by simulation.
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Superconducting Josephson devices have been developed for various electronics fields such as highly sensitive magnetometers, voltage standards, and high-speed digital signal processing. In this paper, the author describes two kinds of superconducting digital-to-analog （D/A） converters that generate quantum voltages. One is a balanced-ternary D/A converter comprising asymmetric superconducting quantum interference devices, in which the generation of either a positive or a negative zero-crossing Shapiro step is controlled by an external magnetic flux. The other is a single-flux-quantum （SFQ） D/A converter, in which SFQ pulse-frequency modulation is employed. They generate quantum voltage defined by the reference microwave frequency and the AC Josephson effect.