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Soviet Physics Uspekhi

Basic properties of squeezed light

Vladimir P Bykov

Published Oct 31, 1991• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The physical picture of the properties of light in squeezed and in other nonclassical states is presented and compared with the properties of light in the classical coherent state. The theoretical basis of the description and the generation of squeezed light is presented, and a practical scheme for obtaining light in other of its nonclassical states is discussed. The general nature of the phenomenon is emphasized, as well as the possibility of its transfer to other fields such as acoustics, mechanics, and various Bose fields.

DOI
10.1070/pu1991v034n10abeh002528

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The physical picture of the properties of light in squeezed and in other nonclassical states is presented and compared with the properties of light in the classical coherent state. The theoretical basis of the description and the generation of squeezed light is presented, and a practical scheme for obtaining light in other of its nonclassical states is discussed. The general nature of the phenomenon is emphasized, as well as the possibility of its transfer to other fields such as acoustics, mechanics, and various Bose fields.
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A review is made of some quantum effects that have no classical analogs: antibunching and sub-Poisson statistics of photons, violation of the classical Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, and squeezed states of light. Nonclassical effects in the generation of harmonics and collective resonance fluorescence are investigated. Various schemes for generating squeezed states of light are proposed, and conditions for obtaining highly squeezed states are indicated. Possible applications of quantum light are also discussed.
Coherent states are normally used to describe the state of a laser field in experiments that generate and detect squeezed states of light. Nevertheless, since the laser field absolute phase is unknown, its quantum state can be described by a statistical mixture of coherent states with random phases, which is equivalent to a statistical mixture of Fock states. Here we describe single-mode squeezed vacuum experiments using this mixed quantum state for the laser field. Representing the laser state in the Fock basis, we predict the usual experimental results without using the squeezing concept in the analysis and concluding that no squeezed state is generated in the experiments. We provide a general physical explanation for the noise reduction in the experiments in terms of a better definition of the relative phase between the signal and local oscillator fields. This explanation is valid in any description of the laser field (in terms of coherent or Fock states), thus providing a deeper understanding of the phenomenon.