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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Chemical engineering of an NMR quantum computer

Raimund Marx, Amr F. Fahmy, John M. Myers, Wolfgang Bermel, Steffen J. Glaser

Published Jul 13, 2000• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The realization of a five-qubit nuclear-magnetic-resonance quantum computer is reported, from the design and synthesis of a suitable molecule through the implementation of pulse sequences on a multi-channel spectrometer. The quantum computer is shown to distinguish between balanced and constant functions on four bits, making use of quantum parallelism.

DOI
10.1117/12.391962

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The realization of a five-qubit nuclear-magnetic-resonance quantum computer is reported, from the design and synthesis of a suitable molecule through the implementation of pulse sequences on a multi-channel spectrometer. The quantum computer is shown to distinguish between balanced and constant functions on four bits, making use of quantum parallelism.
Nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) quantum computation is a fruitful arena in which to develop and demonstrate an enhanced capability for quantum control over molecular systems, regardless of the prospects, which may be limited, for building a quantum computer superior to a conventional computer for any computing task. We demonstrate a five-bit NMR quantum computer that distinguishes among various functions on four bits, making use of quantum parallelism, an example of the Deutsch-Jozsa problem. Its construction draws on the recognition of the sufficiency of linear coupling along a chain of nuclear spins, the synthesis of a suitably coupled molecule containing four distinct nuclear species, and the use of a multichannel spectrometer. Radio-frequency pulse sequences are described to execute controlled-NOT gates on two adjoining spins while leaving the other three spins essentially unaffected.
Quantum computing shows great promise for the solution of many difficult problems, such as the simulation of quantum systems and the factorization of large numbers. While the theory of quantum computing is fairly well understood, it has proved difficult to implement quantum computers in real physical systems. It has recently been shown that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) can be used to implement small quantum computers using the spin states of nuclei in carefully chosen small molecules. Here we demonstrate the use of a NMR quantum computer based on the pyrimidine base cytosine, and the implementation of a quantum algorithm to solve Deutsch’s problem (distinguishing between constant and balanced functions). This is the first successful implementation of a quantum algorithm on any physical system.
Quantum information processing is a multi-disciplinary science involving physics, mathematics, computer science, and even quantum chemistry. It is centred around the idea of manipulating physical systems at the quantum level, either for simulation of physical systems, or numerical computation. Although it has been known for almost a decade that a quantum computer would enable the solution of problems deemed infeasible classically, constructing one has been beyond today's capabilities. In this work we explore one proposed implementation of a quantum computer: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We also develop a numerical software tool, a pulse sequence compiler, for use in the implementation of quantum computer programs on an NMR quantum computer. Our pulse sequence compiler takes as input the specifications of the molecule used as a quantum register, the desired quantum gate, and experimental data on the actual effects of RF pulses on a sample of the molecule, and outputs an optimum set of pre and post 'virtual' gates that minimize the error induced.