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Physical Review A

Back-action-evading measurement of optical fields with the use of a four-wave mixer

Bernard Yurke, L. R. Corruccini

Published Aug 1, 1984• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recent investigations on the ultimate sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors have led to a new measurement strategy known as "back-action evasion" which allows one to measure precisely one component of an oscillator's motion without disturbing that component. This detection strategy can be carried out on electromagnetic field modes as well. Here a scheme, using a degenerate four-wave mixer, is presented for carrying out back-action-evading measurements on optical field modes.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.30.895

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Recent investigations on the ultimate sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors have led to a new measurement strategy known as "back-action evasion" which allows one to measure precisely one component of an oscillator's motion without disturbing that component. This detection strategy can be carried out on electromagnetic field modes as well. Here a scheme, using a degenerate four-wave mixer, is presented for carrying out back-action-evading measurements on optical field modes.
Back-action evasion is a measurement technique originally devised to overcome certain limits imposed by quantum mechanics on the sensitivity of gravitational radiation detectors. The technique is, however, more generally applicable and can be used to improve the sensitivity of instrumentation with noise floors much greater than the quantum noise floor. The principle of back-action evasion is described here by means of a simple example. A comparison of back-action evasion with impedance matching is made to clarify when back-action evasion may be useful. Back-action evasion allows one to achieve a sensitivity comparable to that achieved by impedance matching.
Electro-optical transducers are utilized for upconversion of radio frequency (RF) signals to the optical frequency domain to study the RF signals with optical tools. The transducers frequently impact the RF system and introduce additional noise, including optical shot noise as well as quantum back action noise, limiting the measurement accuracy. In this paper, we theoretically study a technique based on a high efficiency electro-optical phase modulation effect that allows back action evading detection of an RF field quadrature. The main idea of the proposed method is independent homodyne detection of two (Stokes and anti-Stokes) optical modes. It allows subsequent postprocessing of the detected signals, which, in turn, results in a broadband back action evading measurement leading to the high sensitivity evaluation of the RF signals.