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Physical Review A

Self-induced transparency soliton laser via coherent mode locking

Victor V. Kozlov

Published Aug 1, 1997• 57 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The properties of coherent nonlinear gain are utilized for generating stable pulses with durations shorter than the inverse spectral width of the gain profile. A passive cw mode-locking technique making use of the coherent gain and the coherent absorber is proposed as the basis for a self-induced transparency soliton laser. The basic features of pulse evolution including the pulse shortening effect are described.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.56.1607

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Physical Review A•Apr 25, 2013•30 citations
The properties of coherent nonlinear gain are utilized for generating stable pulses with durations shorter than the inverse spectral width of the gain profile. A passive cw mode-locking technique making use of the coherent gain and the coherent absorber is proposed as the basis for a self-induced transparency soliton laser. The basic features of pulse evolution including the pulse shortening effect are described.
The regime of passive mode locking in a Ti:sapphire laser with a coherent absorber resulting in the emission of pulses with a duration considerably shorter than the absorber relaxation times is demonstrated experimentally. A cell filled with rubidium vapor placed in the laser cavity serves as a coherent absorber. Mode locking arises when the laser oscillation frequency is tuned to the resonance transitions in rubidium. In our opinion, 2π pulses of self-induced transparency appear in the cavity, and the reported results represent the first experimental demonstration of passive mode locking caused by the effect of self-induced transparency, which has previously been discussed only theoretically.
Self-induced transparency mode locking (or coherent mode locking, CML), which is based on intracavity self-induced transparency soliton dynamics, potentially allows achievement of nearly single-cycle intracavity pulse durations, much below the phase relaxation time T2 in a laser which, despite having great promise, has not yet been realized experimentally. We develop a diagram technique which allows us to predict the main features of CML regimes in a generic two-section laser far from the single-cycle limit. We show that CML can arise directly at the first laser threshold if the phase relaxation time is large enough. Furthermore, we discuss the stability of the corresponding mapping. We also predict the existence of “super-CML regimes,” with a pulse coupled to several Rabi oscillations in the nonlinear medium.
In self-induced-transparency (SIT) mode locking, 2\ensuremath{\pi} SIT solitons with a duration much smaller than the polarization relaxation time T2{T}_{2}T2​ in the gain and absorber are formed in a laser cavity. This is in contrast to standard passive mode-locking schemes based on gain and absorption saturation. Despite the great promise, up to now SIT mode locking with 2\ensuremath{\pi} pulses was mainly studied theoretically. In this paper, a stable self-starting passive mode locking is demonstrated experimentally in a Ti:sapphire laser with a Rb vapor cell. We show that the mode locking indeed appears to be due to SIT in the Rb cell; that is, the pulse in the Rb cell is a 2\ensuremath{\pi} SIT soliton. We also confirm self-starting of the SIT mode locking. Self-starting takes place via a set of intermediate regimes, including the one containing zero-area pulses.
Coherent mode-locking (CML) represents a method for ultrashort pulse generation in lasers based on the self-induced transparency (SIT) phenomena, which allows us to overcome the principal limitations on the pulse duration imposed by the active medium's gain bandwidth in standard passively mode-locked lasers. So far, this regime was only studied in lasers with transition dipole moments in the absorber medium being twice larger than in the gain medium. This fact ensures that the $2\ensuremath{\pi}$-SIT-soliton in the absorber also forms the stable $\ensuremath{\pi}$-soliton in the gain but can be barely realized in experiments. In this paper we demonstrate theoretically that the self-starting stable coherent mode-locking regime can also arise if the same medium is used both in the gain and absorber laser sections, i.e., the transition dipole moments are equal. These results are both obtained analytically using the area theorem and confirmed by the numerical solution of the Maxwell-Bloch equations. Our findings can enable new opportunities in the area of ultrafast lasers.
Generation of single-cycle pulses from a laser passively mode locked by the technique of coherent mode locking is theoretically demonstrated for the case when resonant lines of both the gain and absorbing media are inhomogeneously broadened. In contrast to conventional mode-locked lasers, for which the inhomogeneous nature of line broadening sets a severe limitation on their performance, here, the stable single-cycle pulse operation is shown to persist even when the spectral widths of the inhomogeneously broadened lines of the amplifier and the absorber become nearly as wide as the central resonance frequency of their two-level transitions. This study is aimed at showing the potential for application of the coherent-mode-locking technique for quantum-dot lasers, which are typically characterized by a great amount of inhomogeneous broadening.