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Chinese Physics Letters

Intrinsic Bistability and Critical Slowing in Tm3+/Yb3+Codoped Laser Crystal with the Photon Avalanche Mechanism

Li Li, Zhang Xin-Lu, Lixue Chen

Published Jun 1, 2009• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present theoretically a novel intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) in the Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ codoped system with a photon avalanche mechanism. Numerical simulations based on the rate equation model demonstrate distinct IOB hysteresis and critical slowing dynamics around the avalanche thresholds. Such an IOB characteristic in Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ codoped crystal has potential applications in solid-state bistable optical displays and luminescence switchers in visible-infrared spectra.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/26/6/064216

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Intrinsic optical bistability （IOB） in Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped laser crystal under 650 nm laser excitation is theoretically studied. Based on the theory of nonlinear coupled rate equations, we numerically analyze IOB evolutions of the populations at Tm3+/Yb3+ energy levels, and the influence of system parameters on IOB and the dynamic operation of bistable hysteresis loop. The simulation result shows the fluorescence IOB in visible-infrared spectra of Tm3+/Yb3+ codoped laser crystal under photon avalanche pumping scheme. It is found that IOB phenomena can be largely enhanced by optimizing the Tm3+/Yb3+ concentration ratio, choosing low phonon-energy crystal host and using crystal cooling technology, and also by tuning the pump laser to match the resonant frequency of Tm3+ excited-state absorption transition. Through tuning the pump laser wavelength and adjusting the rate of change in pump intensity, the controllable IOB switching can be achieved.
Intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) in Tm-doped laser crystal pumped at 648nm avalanche wavelength is predicted theoretically and studied numerically. Based on the theory of nonlinear rate equations, the analytical formula of avalanche threshold condition is deduced in the steady-state approximation. Transient response of photon avalanche, IOB and influence of system parameters on IOB are studied numerically. The numerical simulation shows that IOB of 2μm fluorescence emission in Tm-doped laser crystal can be experimentally observed. Controllable bistable hysteresis loop can be achieved by adjusting experimentally adjustable parameters.
Intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) in Tm: YSGG (yttrium-scandium-gallium garnet) laser crystal pumped at 1um avalanche wavelength is predicted theoretically and studied numerically. The nonlinear rate equations of Tm: YSGG are given based on the nonlinear energy transfer processes. From the rate equations, the analytical formula of avalanche threshold condition is deduced in the steady-state approximation. Both the intrinsic bistability effect of population concentrations at Tm3+ levels versus pumping power and the influence of system parameters on IOB avalanche threshold are studied numerically. The results show that the avalanche threshold power of IOB can be changed by adjusting experimentally adjustable parameters such as the Tm3+ −dope concentration.
In this paper, we predict and numerically demonstrate the intrinsic intensity bistability, spectra bistability and chromatic switching of visible-infrared emission in Tm 3+ single-doped systems that are pumped by the photon avalanche scheme at 648 nm. Based on the coupled rate equation theory, the evolutions of the populations at various Tm 3+ energy levels, emission spectra and fluorescence intensity versus pump excitation are numerically investigated in detail. The results show that intrinsic optical bistability (IOB) associated with emission spectra and luminescence intensity takes place in the vicinity of the avalanche threshold (∼10 kW cm −2 ). When the pump excitation rises above the switching threshold (∼17.5 kW cm −2 ), the chromatic switching between the infrared (1716 nm) and the visible blue (452/469 nm) spectra can be performed. Moreover, the influences of system parameters on IOB and the origin of chromatic switching are discussed. These unique characteristics of Tm 3+ -doped systems would lead to the new possibility of the development of pump-controlled all-solid-state luminescence switches and optical bistability switches.