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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Influence of an absorption cell subjected to a longitudinal magnetic field on the characteristics of a laser with an anisotropic resonator and a condensed active medium

А. П. Войтович, V. G. Dubovets, В. В. Машко

Published Nov 30, 1981• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A high-Q resonator and linear polarization of the output radiation are assumed. Calculations are made of the contributions of the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear polarizability of an absorbing medium in the resonator to each of the parameters governing the output intensity (loss factor, saturation parameter) and detuning of the output frequency from the natural frequency of the resonator (coefficients describing effects of the mode pushing and pulling type). The results are reported of an experimental determination of the output power at the wavelength of an absorption line as a function of the intensity of the applied magnetic field and it is shown that these results agree well with the calculations.

DOI
10.1070/qe1981v011n11abeh008634

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•Aug 12, 2015•1 citation
A high-Q resonator and linear polarization of the output radiation are assumed. Calculations are made of the contributions of the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear polarizability of an absorbing medium in the resonator to each of the parameters governing the output intensity (loss factor, saturation parameter) and detuning of the output frequency from the natural frequency of the resonator (coefficients describing effects of the mode pushing and pulling type). The results are reported of an experimental determination of the output power at the wavelength of an absorption line as a function of the intensity of the applied magnetic field and it is shown that these results agree well with the calculations.
A theoretical analysis is made of the resonant interaction between a traveling monochromatic light wave of arbitrary intensity and polarization and the 1/21/2 and 10 transitions in gas atoms in a magnetic field. An analysis is made of the influence of atomic collisions and coherence of the Zeeman sublevels of the terms on the structure of nonlinear magnetooptic resonances in the amplitude and polarization characteristics of the wave. Some features of nonlinear magnetooptic resonances for laser excitation of atoms from the ground state are noted. A study is made of the Faraday rotation and self-rotation of the polarization ellipse of the radiation as a function of the detuning of the wave frequency, the saturation parameter, and the optical density of the gas. The stability of the polarization of light in the medium is discussed. It is noted that these laws may be used to analyze and control the radiation characteristics of lasers and amplifiers when the level of saturation of a resonant gaseous medium in a magnetic field is high.
An explanation has been found for the resonances which form in absorption dips in the output power of a wideband laser with an amplitude-anisotropic resonator containing a strongly absorbing atomic medium in a magnetic field. These resonances are caused by rotation of the polarization plane of the light in the medium. It is suggested that these resonances be used to measure high optical densities of media. This method has been used to experimentally determine the optical density of potassium vapor at the frequencies of the resonance doublet at various temperatures.
An analysis is made of the propagation of a plane electromagnetic wave through a ring resonator containing a cell with a nonlinear optically active liquid. The influence of the spatial dispersion of the cubic nonlinearity on the amplitude and polarization characteristics of the output radiation is investigated in the steady-state regime. The transient problem is solved numerically in the instability region. It is shown that random changes in the intensity, ellipticity, and angle of rotation of the polarization ellipse of the output radiation are possible for certain values of the intensity of linearly polarized pump radiation, resonator parameters, and properties of the medium.
The method of computer simulations on nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects developed for real multi-level atoms in the two laser fields of arbitrary intensity and external magnetic field is applied for the polarization effects of different types calculations and investigations of the dependence of the characteristics of these effects on magnetic field strength, intensities, polarization and detunings of laser fields for alkaline atoms. The essence of the method consists in simulations and analysis of the plots of dependence of quasi energies on parameters, which are obtained with the help of sorting subprogram, and selection of suitable algorithms for calculations of characteristics of nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects. One photon and two photon resonant effects are investigated for wide range of magnetic field strength from Zeeman to Paschen Back effects. Some new features in the spectra of rotation of plane of polarization and circular dichroism of different types are predicted. The results show the agreement with known experiments. Such calculations of nonlinear resonant magnetooptical effects in the intense laser fields resonant to adjacent transitions and magnetic field show the opportunity of investigation the modifications of electronic structure due to intense radiation fields and strong external magnetic field in atomic gases and also may be used for the treatment of new methods of phase-polarization selection of modes of tunable lasers.
Theoretical and experimental studies of a gas laser amplifier are presented, assuming the amplifier is operating with a saturating optical frequency signal. The analysis is primarily concerned with the effects of the gas pressure and the presence of an axial magnetic field on the characteristics of the amplifying medium. Semiclassical radiation theory is used, along with a density matrix description of the atomic medium which relates the motion of single atoms to the macroscopic observables. A two-level description of the atom, using phenomenological source rates and decay rates, forms the basis of our analysis of the gas laser medium. Pressure effects are taken into account to a large extent through suitable choices of decay rate parameters. Two methods for calculating the induced polarization of the atomic medium are used. The first method utilizes a perturbation expansion which is valid for signal intensities which barely reach saturation strength, and it is quite general in applicability. The second method is valid for arbitrarily strong signals, but it yields tractable solutions only for zero magnetic field or for axial magnetic fields large enough such that the Zeeman splitting is much larger than the power broadened homogeneous linewidth of the laser transition. The effects of pressure broadening of the homogeneous spectral linewidth are included in both the weak-signal and strong-signal theories; however the effects of Zeeman sublevel-mixing collisions are taken into account only in the weak-signal theory. The behavior of a He-Ne gas laser amplifier in the presence of an axial magnetic field has been studied experimentally by measuring gain and Faraday rotation of linearly polarized resonant laser signals for various values of input signal intensity, and by measuring nonlinearity - induced anisotropy for elliptically polarized resonant laser signals of various input intensities. Two high-gain transitions in the 3.39-μ region were used for study: a J = 1 to J = 2 (3s2 → 3p4) transition and a J = 1 to J = 1 (3s2 → 3p2) transition. The input signals were tuned to the centers of their respective resonant gain lines. The experimental results agree quite well with corresponding theoretical expressions which have been developed to include the nonlinear effects of saturation strength signals. The experimental results clearly show saturation of Faraday rotation, and for the J = 1 t o J = 1 transition a Faraday rotation reversal and a traveling wave gain dip are seen for small values of axial magnetic field. The nonlinearity induced anisotropy shows a marked dependence on the gas pressure in the amplifier tube for the J = 1 to J = 2 transition; this dependence agrees with the predictions of the general perturbational or weak signal theory when allowances are made for the effects of Zeeman sublevel-mixing collisions. The results provide a method for measuring the upper (neon 3s2) level quadrupole moment decay rate, the dipole moment decay rates for the 3s2 → 3p4 and 3s2 → 3p2 transitions, and the effects of various types of collision processes on these decay rates.