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Journal of Modern Optics

Polarization-selective photonic band gap induced by electromagnetically induced transparency

Ping Liao, Song Yu, Bin Luo, Wanyi Gu, Hong Mei Guo

Published Feb 27, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A tripod-type system driven by a weak linearly polarized probe light and a π-polarized standing-wave control light is studied. The results show that double photonic band gaps (PBGs) can be obtained at two different frequencies due to Zeeman splitting induced by an external magnetic field. This allows us to selectively manipulate the σ± components of the probe light, which exhibits polarization selective features. These peculiar features can be employed to devise schemes for a polarization beam splitter and polarization selective routing. Furthermore, the dependence of the gap position on the magnetic field provides an additional control of the PBGs structure. Thus, double tunable PBGs can be achieved.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2012.661477

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A tripod-type system driven by a weak linearly polarized probe light and a π-polarized standing-wave control light is studied. The results show that double photonic band gaps (PBGs) can be obtained at two different frequencies due to Zeeman splitting induced by an external magnetic field. This allows us to selectively manipulate the σ± components of the probe light, which exhibits polarization selective features. These peculiar features can be employed to devise schemes for a polarization beam splitter and polarization selective routing. Furthermore, the dependence of the gap position on the magnetic field provides an additional control of the PBGs structure. Thus, double tunable PBGs can be achieved.
In an Fe = 0↔Fg = 1 transition interacting with a weak π-polarized probe and a strong σ-polarized standing-wave coupling, we obtain single or double photonic band gaps depending on the applied magnetic field. Moreover, the coherently induced two-photonic-band gap structure can be tuned by the magnitude of the magnetic field. Such a magnetic-field-dependent feature is exploited to devise magneto-optical switching and routing of two light pulses. The efficient magneto-optical control of light propagation may have applications in an optical network and optical information processing.
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By using the technique of electromagnetically induced transparency and solving density matrix equations for atoms and transfer matrix equations of fields, we study the steady optical properties of a four-level system of cold atoms driven by a traveling-wave field and a standing-wave field. It is found that a nearly perfect structure of double photonic band-gap can be generated with specific parameters. In particular, the reflectivity inside each photonic band-gap is homogeneous over 95%. It is convenient to modulate the positions and widths of both photonic band-gaps by changing intensities and frequencies of the driving fields. The double photonic band-gaps can be used to achieve all-optical routing and switching and therefore may have applications in all-optical information networks.
A tripod atomic system driven by two standing-wave fields (a coupling and a driving) is explored to generate tunable double photonic bandgaps in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. Both photonic bandgaps depend critically on frequency detunings, spatial periodicities, and initial phases of the two standing-wave fields. When the coupling and driving detunings are very close, a small fluctuation of one standing-wave field may demolish both photonic bandgaps. If the two detunings are greatly different, however, each standing-wave field determines only one photonic bandgap in a less sensitive way. Dynamic generation and elimination of a pair of photonic bandgaps shown here may be exploited toward the end of simultaneous manipulation of two weak light signals even at the single-photon level.
We investigate a four level double lamder system with spontaneously generated coherence( SGC) for achieving photonic band gaps( PBG) by a standing- wave field. When the coupling field is far away from resonance or resonant,we can obtain one- phonon bandgap or two- phonon bandgap due to spontaneous emission coherent from two decay pathways. When the SGC is absent,the probe field is absorbed by the medium,so the PBG cannot be generated. The numerical calculations show that the induced PBG result from the Kerr nonlinear modulation between the probe and coupling field,and by controlling the detunings of coupling field,one PBG can be dynamically tuned into two PBGs in this system.
We analyze the optical response of a standing-wave driven four-level atomic system with double dark resonances. Fully developed double photonic band gaps arise as a result of periodically modulated refractive index within the two electromagnetically induced transparency widows. We anticipate that the dynamically induced band gaps can be used to coherently control the propagation of light-pulses with different center frequencies and may have applications in all-optical switching and routing for quantum information networks.