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Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics

Tunable photonic bandgap in double Lamder configuration

BA Nu

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We investigate a four level double lamder system with spontaneously generated coherence( SGC) for achieving photonic band gaps( PBG) by a standing- wave field. When the coupling field is far away from resonance or resonant,we can obtain one- phonon bandgap or two- phonon bandgap due to spontaneous emission coherent from two decay pathways. When the SGC is absent,the probe field is absorbed by the medium,so the PBG cannot be generated. The numerical calculations show that the induced PBG result from the Kerr nonlinear modulation between the probe and coupling field,and by controlling the detunings of coupling field,one PBG can be dynamically tuned into two PBGs in this system.

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2018•0 citations
We investigate a four level double lamder system with spontaneously generated coherence( SGC) for achieving photonic band gaps( PBG) by a standing- wave field. When the coupling field is far away from resonance or resonant,we can obtain one- phonon bandgap or two- phonon bandgap due to spontaneous emission coherent from two decay pathways. When the SGC is absent,the probe field is absorbed by the medium,so the PBG cannot be generated. The numerical calculations show that the induced PBG result from the Kerr nonlinear modulation between the probe and coupling field,and by controlling the detunings of coupling field,one PBG can be dynamically tuned into two PBGs in this system.
Double photonic bandgaps (PBGs) can simultaneously appear when double dark resonances in uniform cold atoms are spatially modulated by a resonance standing-wave. Theoretical calculations show that variable and efficient coherent optical control of the PBGs can be achieved by modulating the coupling field and standing-wave. The structures of double PBGs induced by the atomic coherence effect are better than those obtained in the photonic crystal heterostructures. We anticipate that this scheme has potential applications in optical networks for dual-channel all-optical switching or a dual-frequency optical Bragg reflector.
We study a four-level double-Lambda system with spontaneously generated coherence driven by a standing-wave coupling field. It is found that two well-developed photonic bandgaps with reflectivities of about 90% can be generated on the probe resonance in the presence of maximal spontaneously generated coherence. The induced double photonic bandgaps become, however, severely malformed when spontaneously generated coherence vanishes. Dynamic control of the double photonic bandgaps may be exploited to achieve a novel two-port double-channel routing scheme for weak light signals in quantum networks.
We study a cold atomic sample coherently driven into the five-level triple-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration for attaining a dynamically controlled triple photonic band-gap structure. Our numerical calculations show that three photonic band gaps with homogeneous reflectivities up to 9292%92 can be induced on demand around the probe resonance by a standing-wave driving field in the presence of spontaneously generated coherence. All these photonic band gaps are severely malformed with probe reflectivities declining rapidly to very low values when spontaneously generated coherence is gradually weakened. The triple photonic band-gap structure can also be attained in a five-level chain-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system of cold atoms in the absence of spontaneously generated coherence, which however requires two additional traveling-wave fields to couple relevant levels.
We study an ensemble of cold atoms driven to the four-level double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration and trapped in the one-dimensional optical lattices for achieving dynamically controlled photonic band gaps (PBGs) via the balanced four-wave mixing interaction. Numerical results show that a pair of PBGs characterized by high platforms of probe reflectivities and reduced density of photonic states are established, simultaneously, on both probe transitions in one symmetric driving scheme. Such two-color PBGs can be easily manipulated in position and width by modulating, e.g., the balanced Rabi frequencies of two coupling fields and the Gaussian widths of atomic density distributions, to change the equal probe detunings fulfilling both Bragg conditions. Each two-color PBG as predicted in the coherent atomic lattices may be explored to attain robust light entanglement, even for single-probe photons, via an efficient frequency conversion during the nonlinearly correlated reflection.
We study a five-level $\text{quasi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system of cold atoms for achieving high-order photonic band gaps (PBGs) probed by an ultraviolet field in two cases where either an infrared or a visible control field works in the standing-wave configuration to induce one atomic grating. Transfer-matrix calculations for appropriate rubidium levels demonstrate that three fifth-order band gaps or two second-order band gaps can be generated near the probe resonance when the standing-wave control field is modulated to satisfy relevant Bragg conditions in the regime of electromagnetically induced transparency. These high-order PBGs, as characterized by homogeneous high reflectivities, can be dynamically tuned in positions and widths on demand and may be extended to develop efficient devices (like diodes and reflectors) for manipulating weak high-frequency light with strong low-frequency light.
The photonic band gap is a spectral range which cannot propagate in a periodic optical nanostructure, that is, the structure itself has a “forbidden band”. It has been successfully applied to the filters, amplifiers, mixers, etc. As is well known, dynamically tunable photonic band gaps in cold atomic lattices are of great importance in various research fields. However, the photonic band gaps of a traditional photonic crystal are non-tunable because the periodic structure is determined once the photonic crystal is grown. On the other hand, a majority of previous researches focused on improving the reflectivity of photonic band gap, which can only keep approaching to 1. Due to the action of the vacuum of the radiation field, near-degenerate lower level has an additional coherence term, the spontaneously generated coherence term. In this paper, we consider a three-level ∧-type atomic system driven by a strong coherent field, a weak coherent field and an incoherent pump, in which the two ground states are of hyperfine structure. The one-dimensional photonic band gaps are formed by cold atoms trapped in a one-dimensional-ordered optical lattice and this system may create two photonic band gaps (PBGs). The trapped cold atoms have a Gaussian density distribution in each period as determined by the optical potential depth and the average atomic temperature. We investigate in detail how the reflectivities of the two PBGs are influenced by the coherent effect of spontaneously generated coherence. Then, we find that the reflectivities of the two band gaps can be significantly improved by the spontaneously generated coherence. The reflectivities of such two band gaps can be dynamically manipulated by varying the intensity of incoherent driving field and the relative phase between the probe field and the coupling field, which cannot be realized in a conventional ∧-type atomic system. Besides, by adjusting the parameters appropriately, the reflectivities of these two band gaps can be higher than 1, which is because probe field gain stems from the spontaneously generated coherence. In the future, photonic transport properties can be investigated in the three-dimensional atomic lattices and this work is meaningful for the optical routing, photodiode and transistor.