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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Superconductor–Mott-insulator transition in Bose systems with finite-range interactions

Christoph Bruder, Rosario Fazio, Gerd Schön

Published Jan 1, 1993• 113 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the superconductor-insulator transition of Bose-Hubbard models with finite-range interactions. Commensurability of the charge distribution with the underlying lattice leads to a richly structured phase diagram. In addition to the lobes of insulating phase characterized by integer fillings, we find--for finite-range interactions--lobes with rational filling factors. At low temperatures we can investigate the phase transition by mapping the model onto a XXZ spin-1/2 Heisenberg model.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.47.342

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We study the superconductor-insulator transition of Bose-Hubbard models with finite-range interactions. Commensurability of the charge distribution with the underlying lattice leads to a richly structured phase diagram. In addition to the lobes of insulating phase characterized by integer fillings, we find--for finite-range interactions--lobes with rational filling factors. At low temperatures we can investigate the phase transition by mapping the model onto a XXZ spin-1/2 Heisenberg model.
We have obtained the quantum phase diagram of one dimensional extended Bose-Hubbard model using the density-matrix renormalization group and Abelian bosonization methods for different commensurabilities. We describe the nature of different quantum phases at the charge degeneracy point. We find a direct phase transition from Mott insulating phase to superconducting phase for integer band fillings of bosons. We predict explicitly the presence of two kinds of repulsive Luttinger liquid phases, apart from the charge density wave and superconducting phases for half-integer band fillings. Our study reveals that extended range interactions are necessary to get the correct phase boundary of an one-dimensional interacting bosons system.
We generalize the mean-field theory for the spinless Bose-Hubbard model to account for the different types of superfluid phases that can arise in the spin-1 case. In particular, our mean-field theory can distinguish polar and ferromagnetic superfluids, Mott insulator, that arise at integer fillings at zero temperature, and normal Bose liquids into which the Mott insulators evolve at finite temperatures. We find, in contrast to the spinless case, that several of the superfluid-Mott insulator transitions are of first order at finite temperatures. Our systematic study yields rich phase diagrams that include first-order and second-order transitions and a variety of tricritical points. We discuss the possibility of realizing such phase diagrams in experimental systems.
We calculate the phase diagram of the Bose-Hubbard model on a half-filled ladder lattice including the effect of finite on-site interactions. This shows that the rung-Mott insulator (RMI) phase persists to finite interaction strength, and we calculate the RMI-superfluid phase boundary in the thermodynamic limit. We show that the phases can still be distinguished using the number and parity variances, which are observables accessible in a quantum-gas microscope. Phases analogous to the RMI were found to exist in other quasi-1D lattice structures, with the lattice connectivity modifying the phase boundaries. This shows that the the presence of these phases is the result of states with one-dimensional structures being mapped onto higher dimensional systems, driven by the reduction of hopping rates along different directions.
The phase transitions in the Bose-Hubbard model are investigated.A single-particle Green's function is calculated in the random phase approximation and the formalism of the Hubbard operators is used.The regions of existence of the superfluid and Mott insulator phases are established and the (µ, t) (the chemical potentialtransfer parameter) phase diagrams are built.The effect of temperature change on this transition is analyzed and the phase diagram in the (T, µ) plane is constructed.The role of thermal activation of the ion hopping is investigated by taking into account the temperature dependence of the transfer parameter.The reconstruction of the Mott-insulator lobes due to this effect is analyzed.
Spinor Bose condensates loaded in optical lattices have a rich phase diagram characterized by different magnetic order. Here we apply the density matrix renormalization group to accurately determine the phase diagram for spin-1 bosons loaded on a one-dimensional lattice. The Mott lobes present an even or odd asymmetry associated to the boson filling. We show that for odd fillings the insulating phase is always in a dimerized state. The results obtained in this work are also relevant for the determination of the ground state phase diagram of the S = 1 Heisenberg model with biquadratic interaction.
The phase transitions in the Bose-Hubbard model are investigated. A single-particle Green's function is calculated in the random phase approximation and the formalism of the Hubbard operators is used. The regions of existence of the superfluid and Mott insulator phases are established and the (μ,t)(μ,t)(μ,t) (the chemical potential -- transfer parameter) phase diagrams are built. The influence of temperature change on this transition is analyzed and the phase diagram in the (T,μ)(T,μ)(T,μ) plane is constructed. The role of thermal activation of the ion hopping is investigated by taking into account the temperature dependence of the transfer parameter. The reconstruction of the Mott-insulator lobes due to this effect is analyzed.