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Optics and Spectroscopy

Excitation of coherent correlated states in the Jaynes-Cummings model by external deterministic forces: II

É. M. Verlan, Margarita A. Razumova

Published Nov 1, 2001• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In terms of excitation creation and annihilation operators of the Jaynes-Cummings model, acting in the representation of dressed states, the Hamiltonian is written which describes the character of the spectrum of excitations of two modes, representing a quantum analog of the classical behavior of two interacting one-dimensional anharmonic oscillators, namely, the field and atomic oscillators. The anharmonicity is caused by the nonlinearity of the oscillator interaction and manifests itself in the dependence of the frequencies of both modes on the number of excitations, i.e., on the energy. It is shown that an external deterministic force, acting on the system during a certain time t 0, transfers it from a vacuum state to a coherent state or from one of the coherent states to another coherent state. The probability of the transition from the vacuum state to the coherent state with a given number of excitations represents the Poissonian distribution for the number of excitations formed in the (atom + field) system by the end of action of the external force. It was found to be proportional to the excitation time t 0.

DOI
10.1134/1.1420855

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In terms of excitation creation and annihilation operators of the Jaynes-Cummings model, acting in the representation of dressed states, the Hamiltonian is written which describes the character of the spectrum of excitations of two modes, representing a quantum analog of the classical behavior of two interacting one-dimensional anharmonic oscillators, namely, the field and atomic oscillators. The anharmonicity is caused by the nonlinearity of the oscillator interaction and manifests itself in the dependence of the frequencies of both modes on the number of excitations, i.e., on the energy. It is shown that an external deterministic force, acting on the system during a certain time t 0, transfers it from a vacuum state to a coherent state or from one of the coherent states to another coherent state. The probability of the transition from the vacuum state to the coherent state with a given number of excitations represents the Poissonian distribution for the number of excitations formed in the (atom + field) system by the end of action of the external force. It was found to be proportional to the excitation time t 0.
In the representation of dressed states, which diagonalizes the Hamiltonian in the Jaynes-Cummings model, the Bose operator for excitation annihilation Â, the spin operator Σ^_\hat \Sigma \_Σ^_ , and the corresponding Hermitian-conjugate operators are found. Using these operators, correlated coherent states were constructed and statistical properties of a field mode and an atom in these states are studied. Nonclassical field properties, such as the deviation of the probability distribution for the number of photons from the Poissonian distribution, its time dependence, and the squeezing of quadrature field components are found. For small interaction coefficients k, all these characteristics of the model vary weakly in time in the resonance case.
Squeezed states of the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model are constructed and the statistical properties of the field oscillator in these states are studied. The presence of interaction between the field oscillator and the atom results in the appearance of slow temporal variations in the average values of the dynamic quantities. Two cases essentially differ: When only one of two modes of the JC model is excited, the variations in time, in particular, of the average value of the coordinate are governed by the mode anharmonicity. In the case when both modes of the JC model with close frequencies are excited, the temporal variations represent collapse and revival of oscillations with the frequency 2kn+12k\sqrt {n + 1} 2kn+1​ , where k is the constant of the atom-field oscillator interaction and n is the number of photons. The constructed squeezed vacuum states are not two-photon states, because the probability of finding an odd number of photons is not equal to zero and varies with time.
We analyze the time-dependent physical spectrum of a driven Jaynes-Cummings model in which both the two-level system and the quantized cavity mode are subject to coherent classical driving. The time-dependent Hamiltonian is mapped, via well-defined unitary transformations, onto an effective stationary Jaynes-Cummings form. Within this framework, we derive closed-form expressions for the two-time correlation functions of both the atomic and field operators. These correlation functions are subsequently used to evaluate the time-dependent physical spectrum according to the Eberly-Wódkiewicz definition, which properly accounts for finite spectral resolution and transient emission dynamics. We show that the external driving leads to substantial modifications of the atomic spectral response, including controllable frequency shifts and asymmetric line shapes. Importantly, we identify a regime in which the driving parameters are chosen such that the coherent displacement induced in the cavity field exactly cancels out the initial coherent amplitude. In this limit, the system dynamics reduce to that of an effectively vacuum-initialized Jaynes-Cummings model, and the standard vacuum Rabi splitting is recovered. This behavior provides a clear and physically transparent interpretation of the spectral features as arising from coherent field displacement rather than from modifications of the underlying atom-cavity coupling.
Collapse and revivals in the Jaynes-Cummings model are studied within the context of the Mollow transformation for a single-mode coherent-state cavity field. The Mollow-transformed Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian has two atom-field terms, one corresponding to a classical field and the other to a quantized field driving the atomic transition. As such it maps onto the complementary problem of an atom in an optical cavity, whose field is initially in the vacuum state, driven by an external classical field. Both problems have the same atomic-state dynamics. It is shown that the revivals can be associated with two distinct properties of the quantized field of the transformed Hamiltonian. Revivals occurring at even (odd) multiples of the revival time are correlated with field states that are close to the initial field state and for which the average energy in the field is a minimum (maximum). Using semiclassical dressed states, we are able to map the problem for the field states onto one involving two uncoupled oscillators driven by off-resonant fields, provided effects related to dispersion are neglected. Analytic expressions for the photon number distribution of the transformed cavity field, including dispersion, are obtained for the even revival times.
We study the dynamical features of the Jaynes–Cummings model with the atom driven by an external classical field in the case that the cavity field is initially in a Fock state.We find the dynamical variables by using dressed states in the bare atom representation. We show that the dynamical behavior of the cavity field can be strongly modified by the external classical field. We also find that the cavity field is super-Poissonian after some interaction time if the external field is strong enough.
The nonlinear dynamics of an open quantum system consisting of a “dressed” atom, i.e., an atom coupled with an external multifrequency electromagnetic field, and a single quantized mode of an electromagnetic field is studied. At different crossing points of the quasilevels of the dressed atom, the average number of photons in the quantized mode may either increase without limit with the passage of time or oscillate within finite limits. In the latter case a decrease of the number of photons is accompanied by regularization of their statistics, which may become sub-Poissonian.