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Optics and Spectroscopy

Correlated coherent states in the Jaynes-Cummings model: I

É. M. Verlan, Margarita A. Razumova

Published Jun 1, 2001• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In the representation of dressed states, which diagonalizes the Hamiltonian in the Jaynes-Cummings model, the Bose operator for excitation annihilation Â, the spin operator $$\hat \Sigma \_$$ , and the corresponding Hermitian-conjugate operators are found. Using these operators, correlated coherent states were constructed and statistical properties of a field mode and an atom in these states are studied. Nonclassical field properties, such as the deviation of the probability distribution for the number of photons from the Poissonian distribution, its time dependence, and the squeezing of quadrature field components are found. For small interaction coefficients k, all these characteristics of the model vary weakly in time in the resonance case.

DOI
10.1134/1.1380777

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In the representation of dressed states, which diagonalizes the Hamiltonian in the Jaynes-Cummings model, the Bose operator for excitation annihilation Â, the spin operator Σ^_\hat \Sigma \_Σ^_ , and the corresponding Hermitian-conjugate operators are found. Using these operators, correlated coherent states were constructed and statistical properties of a field mode and an atom in these states are studied. Nonclassical field properties, such as the deviation of the probability distribution for the number of photons from the Poissonian distribution, its time dependence, and the squeezing of quadrature field components are found. For small interaction coefficients k, all these characteristics of the model vary weakly in time in the resonance case.
In terms of excitation creation and annihilation operators of the Jaynes-Cummings model, acting in the representation of dressed states, the Hamiltonian is written which describes the character of the spectrum of excitations of two modes, representing a quantum analog of the classical behavior of two interacting one-dimensional anharmonic oscillators, namely, the field and atomic oscillators. The anharmonicity is caused by the nonlinearity of the oscillator interaction and manifests itself in the dependence of the frequencies of both modes on the number of excitations, i.e., on the energy. It is shown that an external deterministic force, acting on the system during a certain time t 0, transfers it from a vacuum state to a coherent state or from one of the coherent states to another coherent state. The probability of the transition from the vacuum state to the coherent state with a given number of excitations represents the Poissonian distribution for the number of excitations formed in the (atom + field) system by the end of action of the external force. It was found to be proportional to the excitation time t 0.
Squeezed states of the Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model are constructed and the statistical properties of the field oscillator in these states are studied. The presence of interaction between the field oscillator and the atom results in the appearance of slow temporal variations in the average values of the dynamic quantities. Two cases essentially differ: When only one of two modes of the JC model is excited, the variations in time, in particular, of the average value of the coordinate are governed by the mode anharmonicity. In the case when both modes of the JC model with close frequencies are excited, the temporal variations represent collapse and revival of oscillations with the frequency 2kn+12k\sqrt {n + 1} 2kn+1​ , where k is the constant of the atom-field oscillator interaction and n is the number of photons. The constructed squeezed vacuum states are not two-photon states, because the probability of finding an odd number of photons is not equal to zero and varies with time.
We study the quantum dynamics of a two-mode two-photon Jaynes–Cummings model of a two-level atom interacting with the correlated two-mode SU(1, 1) coherent states. The collapse and revival patterns in this case are noted to be quite different from those in the case of uncorrelated coherent states and correlated pair-coherent states. As an example of the time evolution of the field statistics we show that violation of the Cauchy–Schwartz inequality by the initial field states may be nullified. We also discuss the evolution of the variance of the two-mode field quadrature operator.
Recently, we introduced a new version of the Jaynes–Cummings model in which the interaction Hamiltonian is independent of the excitation number, or field intensity. Exact solution for this model was found allowing the study of nonclassical effects exhibited by the atom and the field, the latter initially in a coherent state. Here, we extend this study to the case of a field initially in the binomial state to investigate those nonclassical effects, as population trapping and sub-Poissonian statistics as function of the interpolating parameters of this state. The previous results are obtained from the present treatment, in the limit of a coherent state allowed by the binomial state.
The dynamics of the Jaynes-Cummings interaction of a two-level atom interacting with a single mode of the radiation field is investigated, as the state of the field is gradually changed from a coherent state to a squeezed coherent state. The effect of mild squeezing on the coherent light is shown to be striking: the photon number distribution gets localized and it peaks maximally for a particular value of squeezing. The atomic inversion retains its structure for a longer time. The mean linear entropy shows that the atom has a tendency to get disentangled from field within the collapse region and also in the revival region, for mild squeezing. These properties are absent for the case of a coherent state or for an excessively squeezed coherent state. We also elucidate a connection between these properties and the photon statistics of the mildly squeezed coherent state; these states have the minimum variance and are also maximally sub-Poissonian.
We study the coupled system of the dressed atom and the quantized mode of the electromagnetic field (an open modification of the Jaynes-Cummings model). The mode is initially excited to the coherent quantum state and exhibits Poissonian photon statistics. When the quasienergy levels of the dressed atom cross, the mean number of photons in the mode oscillates at high amplitude. Numerical results show that the photon statistics in the mode regularizes, correlating as the value of falls. Near the local minima of , the statistics can become sub-Poissonian with Fano factor many times smaller than unity.