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Physical Review A

Stabilization against ionization via high-Rydberg states

Antoni Wójcik, R. Parzyn-acuteski, Andrzej Grudka

Published Mar 1, 1997• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An analytical study is presented of two models of intense-laser ionization from an isolated initial state via a band of high-Rydberg states in a system which bears many features of the hydrogen atom. The models differ in the way the population from the directly excited Rydberg states can migrate to the states of higher angular momenta. In one of them it migrates via nonresonant and in the other via resonant degenerate Raman coupling. Within these models we draw conclusions about the efficiency of migration, the initial-state lifetime, the redistribution of population, the laser intensities stabilizing the atom against ionization, the effect of the initial state on the threshold stabilizing intensity, as well as about stabilizing mechanisms versus the initial-state choice.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.55.2144

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An analytical study is presented of two models of intense-laser ionization from an isolated initial state via a band of high-Rydberg states in a system which bears many features of the hydrogen atom. The models differ in the way the population from the directly excited Rydberg states can migrate to the states of higher angular momenta. In one of them it migrates via nonresonant and in the other via resonant degenerate Raman coupling. Within these models we draw conclusions about the efficiency of migration, the initial-state lifetime, the redistribution of population, the laser intensities stabilizing the atom against ionization, the effect of the initial state on the threshold stabilizing intensity, as well as about stabilizing mechanisms versus the initial-state choice.
We introduce a model of laser pulse ionization of a high Rydberg state whose core is a chain of coupled V-type transitions with exact resonance in each arm of the V. Through this chain the population is allowed to migrate resonantly from the initial state of low angular momentum to other bound states of higher angular momenta, both of low and high energy. Along with the redistribution of the initial population over different bound states, we discuss the effect of the redistribution on atomic stabilization, exploiting an analytical solution of the model that holds in a limiting case. The resonant migration mentioned is shown to be able to enhance atomic stabilization against ionization by an optical-frequency pulse.
We analyze the excitation of atoms by intense pulsed laser fields and describe a mechanism leading to effective dynamical stabilization at a photon energy below the unperturbed binding energy. At low and intermediate intensities, the atom is left in a coherent superposition of the initial state and a set of Rydberg states which is stable against ionization; this effect subsists for pulse durations presently accessible to experiment. At higher intensities, population is transferred through degenerate Raman coupling to Rydberg states of higher angular momentum.
Within a fully analytically solvable model, we discuss the mechanisms of strong-field suppression of ionization from the initial s state via a family of p Rydberg states to s and d continua. Both Raman coupling via a continuum between different p Rydberg states and Raman migration of population via d continuum from p to higher angular momentum f Rydberg states are considered. The results are compared with those obtained neglecting Raman couplings via the continuum between Rydberg states of the same and different angular momenta. A profound effect of Raman couplings on ionization is demonstrated.
Our recent approximate analytical results on the evolution of the initial state and the excitation from this state of a band of high Rydberg states by an optical pulse [Phys. Rev. A 55, 2144 (1997)] are compared with more exact numerical results. The difference between the two approaches is that the approximations of representative atom-field couplings and equidistant spacing of high Rydberg states, applied in the analytical model, are removed in the numerical model. We find that the approximate analytical model is not able to reproduce all the results of the more exact numerical model, if the laser pulse is very short (i.e., much shorter that the Kepler period of the resonantly excited high Rydberg state) or very intense (i.e., when the Rabi period for the resonant transition is substantially shorter than the above Kepler period). This mainly concerns the redistribution of the population over different Rydberg states. The analytical model predicts a symmetric distribution centered around the resonantly excited Rydberg state, irrespective of the pulse duration and intensity, while the numerical model allows an asymmetric distribution with its maximum shifted towards lower Rydberg states. Despite the above-stated difference, the analytical model is able to give preliminary results for the total population of all the excited Rydberg states and the evolution of the initial state, imitating at least qualitatively the results of the numerical model in certain time and intensity scales.