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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Effect of Bleaching Property and Optical Loss on Bistability of Saturable Optical Resonators with Distributed Bragg-Reflectors

Masahiro Okuda, Kiyoshi Onaka

Published Feb 1, 1977• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of the bleaching property of a saturable absorber and the optical loss in a corrugated waveguide on bistability is analyzed by using the coupled-mode theory. Hysteresis and nonlinear properties are given as a function of the quantities characterizing the saturable absorber (the absorption coefficient Γ 0 , and the length of saturable absorber l ) and the propagation characteristics of the corrugated waveguide (the coupling coefficient k and the optical loss in waveguide Γ). It is clear, by selecting the optimum values of these parameters., that the saturable optical resonator has a bistable property which is useful as an optical gate, an optical amplifier, and an optical memory in integrated optical circuits.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.16.303

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The effect of the bleaching property of a saturable absorber and the optical loss in a corrugated waveguide on bistability is analyzed by using the coupled-mode theory. Hysteresis and nonlinear properties are given as a function of the quantities characterizing the saturable absorber (the absorption coefficient Γ 0 , and the length of saturable absorber l ) and the propagation characteristics of the corrugated waveguide (the coupling coefficient k and the optical loss in waveguide Γ). It is clear, by selecting the optimum values of these parameters., that the saturable optical resonator has a bistable property which is useful as an optical gate, an optical amplifier, and an optical memory in integrated optical circuits.
Bistability of an optical resonator with distributed Bragg-reflectors is analyzed by using the coupled-mode theory. Hysteresis and nonlinear properties are given as a function of the quantities characterizing the Kerr medium (the quadratic electrooptic coefficient n 2 and the length of the Kerr medium l ) and the propagation characteristics of the corrugated waveguide (the coupling coefficient k and the optical loss in the corrugated waveguide Γ). We show that the optical resonator with distributed Bragg-reflectors has a multi-valued transmission characteristic by the Kerr effect. From the numerical calculations, the up-switching and down-switching power intensities of bistable operation are estimated.
Transient behaviors of a saturable optical resonator with distributed Bragg-reflectors are analyzed in the scheme of time-dependent coupled wave equations. The up and down switching times of the saturable optical resonators are calculated for various values of the optical intensity, the width of incident pulse, and the relaxation time and the length of the saturable absorber. It is shown that the switching time of a saturable resonator has an optimum value for the optical intensity and the width of the incident pulse. Also, the switching time becomes shorter, as increasing the normalized length of the saturable absorber. However, even if the optimum values of the optical intensity and the width of the incident pulse are employed, the switching time is much larger than the transit time in the saturable resonator, because the transmission pulse is constructed by multiple reflections in the reflector.
Our work concerns the study of the effect of the optical bistability and multistability in a laser saturable absorber of a Fabry Perot resonator with a homogenous widening. We theoretically studied the influence of the losses of the resonators on the optical bistability by examining mainly the cases where the losses of the resonator depend on the position of the emitted mode of a frequency and the losses of the resonator depend on the density of photons We examined the influence of the physical parameters of laser saturable absorber such as the coefficient of saturation and pumping of the medium active and absorbing on the density of the photons for each loss We showed the effect of the optical bistability and multistability then we analyzed the linear stability of the solutions obtained.
The characteristics of the mode intensity and conditions for occurrence of optical bistability in a ring laser with a saturable absorber are considered. The rate equation approximation method is used to find analytic expressions for these characteristics. It is shown that changes in such physical parameters as the homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening, coefficients of relaxation of amplifying and absorbing cells, etc. cause changes in the range of existence of optical bistability or a hysteresis cycle. The influence of inhomogeneous broadening and of spontaneous emission near the lasing threshold on the appearance of optical bistability is demonstrated for the single-mode regime.
Optical bistability in a nonlinearly reflective fiber grating through the mode coupling between the LP/sub 01/ and counter propagation LP/sub 02/ modes (i,e., the reflective LP/sub 01//spl rlhar2/LP/sub 02/ mode converter) is investigated by using the coupled-mode theory. Both the transmissive and the reflective properties of this nonlinear device are analyzed, which show that the output-versus-input relation exhibits the optical bistability. The switching power and the bistable hysteresis performances are also discussed. In addition, the comparison between the nonlinearly reflective mode converter (LP/sub 01//spl rlhar2/LP/sub 02/) and the nonlinear fiber Bragg grating reflector (i,e., the LP/sub 01/ and counter-propagation LP/sub 01/ modes) is also presented. It is shown that the former has much lower switching power than the latter.>