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Physical Review A

Electromagnetically induced transparency inside the laser cavity: Switch between first-order and second-order phase transitions

Qingqing Sun, M. S. Shahriar, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published Jul 2, 2008• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency inside a laser cavity. By changing the intensity of an external drive field, we can control the absorption to the laser field. A semiclassical analysis shows that the system undergoes a switch between first-order and second-order phase transitions. Around the tricritical point there could be a second-order phase transition followed by a first-order phase transition.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.78.013805

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Optics Letters•Apr 25, 2008•16 citations
We investigate the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency inside a laser cavity. By changing the intensity of an external drive field, we can control the absorption to the laser field. A semiclassical analysis shows that the system undergoes a switch between first-order and second-order phase transitions. Around the tricritical point there could be a second-order phase transition followed by a first-order phase transition.
We study the dependence of absorption and dispersion spectra on amplitudes and phases of the driving fields in multiple electromagnetically induced transparency. For this purpose we consider trichromatic excitation in a three-level Λ atomic system, in which a trichromatic control laser and a monochromatic probe laser are applied to two different transitions, respectively. We numerically calculate the absorption and dispersion spectra. Two characteristic features are found. Firstly, the central transparency can be made to appear or to disappear by utilizing the amplitudes and phases of the driving components. Secondly, so long as we fix the sum of two relative phases of two sideband excitation components to the central component, the absorption and dispersion spectra keep their own lineshapes unchanged no matter how we vary the respective relative phases.
Laser Q-switching is a critical technique that enables periodic modulation of cavity loss and has been widely used to generate giant laser pulses. In this paper, an innovative active Q-switching laser model based on the mechanism of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is proposed. The system utilizes a three-level atomic system that interacts with both the cavity mode and an external strong coupling field, acting as a dynamically tunable loss medium. By controlling the coupling field intensity, the cavity loss can be dynamically modulated due to the EIT effect, thereby achieving active Q-switching operation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the threshold inversion population is reduced by more than one order of magnitude during EIT activation, which indicates the feasibility of this kind of Q-switching.
Atomic coherence is induced in the multilevel atomic system via strong control field that alters the response of medium to a weak probe laser field. This involves quantum interference in the amplitudes of optical transitions and causes the cancellation of absorption, i.e., electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Electromagnetically induced transparency is investigated inside a planar optical waveguide. The eigenvalue equation for the waveguide is solved and used to explore various EIT effects. We show how EIT depends on the incidence angle and allowed mode order of the waveguide and on position of EIT atom inside the structure.
We theoretically study the effect of Kerr effect on the second-order nonlinearity induced transparency in a double-resonant optical cavity system. We show that in the presence of the Kerr effect, as the strength of the Kerr effect increases, the absorption curve exhibits an asymmetric-symmetric-asymmetric transition, and the zero absorption point shifts with the increase of the Kerr effect. Furthermore, by changing the strength of the Kerr effect, we can control the width of the transparent window, and the position of the zero-absorption point and meanwhile change the left and right width of the absorption peak. The asymmetry absorption curve can be employed to improve the quality factor of the cavity when the frequency detuning is tuned to be around the right peak. The simple dependence of the zero-absorption point on the strength of Kerr effect suggests that the strength of Kerr effect can be measured by measuring the position of the zero-absorption point in a possible application.
Abstract We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is affected by cavity optomechanics in different atomic configurations ( V and Λ ). The cavity mode is depicted as a probe field, and a classical driving field is applied to the atomic medium as the control laser in each system. Interaction between the cavity mode, atomic media and the oscillating mirror of the cavity can change the susceptibility of the atomic ensemble. Equations of motion demonstrate a system of nonlinear equations for each system. Nonlinearity of equations is a result of interaction between the cavity mode and atomic transitions. The equations are solved via a perturbation method. The results show two different aspects of atom-assisted optomechanics in V -type system: a common transparency window and an amplifying process in a transparency window that does not occur in the Λ configuration, notable as a considerable difference between the proposed systems. It is shown that classical field detuning leads to different changes in the susceptibility of both systems; other values of cavity detuning, except in the resonant case, can guarantee the occurrence of EIT in the system. For the initial value of the cavity field, a negative region appears in absorption spectrum of the V -type atomic ensemble. Meanwhile, the Λ configuration does not show a such process. According to our results, in the appearance of the transparency window, the position of movable mirror changes significantly.
The absorption of a resonant coupling laser driving a closed degenerate two-level system in an atomic cesium beam was investigated as a function of the detuning of a second laser probing the same transition. The measurements were performed for four different polarization combinations of the two laser beams. Except for the beams of counterrotating polarizations all coupling-laser absorption profiles showed "absorption within transparency," i.e., the absorption in the region around the two-photon resonance was smaller than the absorption corresponding to the one-photon transition induced by the coupling laser, and an extra absorption peak was observed on this curve at the two-photon resonance. With regard to the beams of counterrotating polarizations we observed a switch from absorption within transparency to "transparency within transparency" when the probe-laser power exceeded the constant coupling-laser power. In other words, the cesium ensemble became mostly transparent to the coupling-laser beam at the two-photon resonance.