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Physical Review A

Noble-gas-induced collisional broadening of the 6P12−6P32 transition of T1 measured by Raman echoes

K. Leung, THOMAS W. MOSSBERG, Sven R. Hartmann

Published Jun 1, 1982• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We implement the Raman echo for the first time in collision studies to measure the noble-gas-induced broadening of the $6{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transition of atomic thallium. Except in the case of He, the measured broadening cross sections He 59(2), Ne 67(2), Ar 124(4), Kr 167(5), and Xe 204(6) ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$ ($T=840$ K), agree with those calculated assuming a pure van der Waals collisional interaction. Our measurements, sensitive to collisionally induced changes in axial velocity of \ensuremath{\gtrsim} 300 cm/sec, reveal that collisional velocity changes of that magnitude are not important in T1-noble-gas collisions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.25.3097

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 1, 1986•8 citations
We implement the Raman echo for the first time in collision studies to measure the noble-gas-induced broadening of the 6P12\ensuremath−6P326{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}6{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}6P21​​\ensuremath−6P23​​ transition of atomic thallium. Except in the case of He, the measured broadening cross sections He 59(2), Ne 67(2), Ar 124(4), Kr 167(5), and Xe 204(6) A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2 (T=840T=840T=840 K), agree with those calculated assuming a pure van der Waals collisional interaction. Our measurements, sensitive to collisionally induced changes in axial velocity of \ensuremath{\gtrsim} 300 cm/sec, reveal that collisional velocity changes of that magnitude are not important in T1-noble-gas collisions.
A variant of the trilevel-echo effect is observed and utilized to measure the effective cross section for broadening of the $3{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}3{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transition of sodium by the noble gases. The cross section measured here should be the same as the broadening cross section obtained from a direct measurement of the collisionally broadened $3{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}3{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transition linewidth (if such a measurement were possible). The new echo, the "inverted-difference-frequency" (IDF) trilevel echo, is well suited to the study of transitions between excited states of the same parity. At 400 K the measured broadening cross sections are He 115(12) A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, Ne 120(12) A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, Ar 234(23) A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, Kr 266(27) A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, and Xe 311(31) A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2. With He as the perturber, the cross section for broadening of the $3{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}3{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transition can be calculated from measured depolarization and fine-structure-changing collision cross sections. With the other perturbers, however, collisional phase changes appear to be important. An intuitive diagrammatic technique for the analysis of echoes is applied to the IDF trilevel echo.
We have made comprehensive measurements of the noble-gas-induced (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) broadening cross sections of the Na $3S\ensuremath{-}nS$ ($3S\ensuremath{-}nD$) transitions, from n=5to38n=5 \mathrm{to} 38n=5to38 (n=4to40n=4 \mathrm{to} 40n=4to40). These measurements were made using the trilevel-echo technique and are an extension and refinement of our earlier work. We find that the cross sections increase as the geometric cross section at low values of nnn, and then, at a value of nnn which depends on the particular noble gas, begin to decrease and eventually reach an asymptotic value at high nnn. The broadening cross sections for the nearly degenerate DDD states are significantly larger than those for the SSS states and clearly show the effect of lll-changing collisions. We also compare our measured SSS-state broadening cross sections with the cross sections calculated using the theory of Omont and find good qualitative agreement.
Elastic and depolarizing collisions between excited ytterbium atoms (6s6p 3{}^{3}3P1{P}_{1}P1​ level) and noble gases (He, Ne, and Xe) are investigated using a stimulated-photon-echo technique. The method is sensitive to collisional velocity changes concerning both the total population ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ and the alignment ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}$ of the level. More specifically, it enables us to compare precisely the velocity changes associated with elastic scattering and with alignment-preserving scattering. This represents an improvement with regard to previous works. A detailed theoretical discussion of depolarizing collisions in laser spectroscopy is presented. A simplified density-matrix equation is derived under appropriate approximations. Stimulated photon-echo data for elastic scattering are interpreted within the limits of small-angle scattering in a long-range van der Waals potential; total elastic scattering cross sections are derived from comparison between experiment and calculation: ${\mathit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{He}}^{\mathrm{el}}$=220(20) A˚2{\r{}}^{2}˚2, ${\mathit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{Ne}}^{\mathrm{el}}$=320(20) A˚2{\r{}}^{2}˚2, ${\mathit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{Xe}}^{\mathrm{el}}$=1240(60) A˚2{\r{}}^{2}˚2. Total rates for destruction of alignment are measured in an auxiliary standard photon-echo experiment; the corresponding cross sections are ${\mathit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{He}}^{(2)}$=94(3) A˚2{\r{}}^{2}˚2, ${\mathit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{Ne}}^{(2)}$=123(7) A˚2{\r{}}^{2}˚2, ${\mathit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathrm{Xe}}^{(2)}$=300(20) A˚2{\r{}}^{2}˚2. Stimulated photon-echo data for depolarizing collisions are successfully compared with a calculation that we develop starting from a long-range anisotropic model potential.
Abstract A collision-induced photon echo (PE) was formed at the 174 Yb (6s 2 ) 1 S 0 —(6s6p) 3 P 1 transition by two resonant radiation pulses polarized linearly and mutually orthogonally. The noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe were used as collision partners for excited 174 Yb atoms. The nonmonotonous decay kinetics of collision-induced PE was detected. The ordinary PE formed by identical linear polarization pulses at the same experimental conditions showed a monotonous decay for the time delays between 80 and 300 ns. The anisotropy parameters for the collisions of 174 Yb atoms with Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe atoms increase with the buffer atom mass and are between 15% and 20% of the corresponding homogeneous line broadening values.