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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Go and return propagation of biphotons in fibre and polarization entanglement

G. Brida, Marco Genovese, Leonid A. Krivitsky, Maria V. Chekhova, E. Predazzi

Published Jun 27, 2007• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Propagation of entangled photons in optical fibre is one of the fundamental issues for realizing quantum communication protocols. When entanglement in polarization is considered, a problem of compensating for the fibre effect on photons polarization arises. In this paper, we demonstrate an effective solution where a Faraday mirror allows us to cancel undesired effects of polarization drift in fibre. This technique is applied to a protocol for generating Bell states by a narrow temporal selection of the second-order intensity correlation function.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/40/28/s08

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Propagation of entangled photons in optical fibre is one of the fundamental issues for realizing quantum communication protocols. When entanglement in polarization is considered, a problem of compensating for the fibre effect on photons polarization arises. In this paper, we demonstrate an effective solution where a Faraday mirror allows us to cancel undesired effects of polarization drift in fibre. This technique is applied to a protocol for generating Bell states by a narrow temporal selection of the second-order intensity correlation function.
Propagation of entangled photons in optical fiber is one of the fundamental issues for realizing quantum communication protocols. When entanglement in polarization is considered, arises the problem of compensating for the fiber effect on photons polarization. In this paper we demonstrate an effective solution where a Faraday mirror allows to cancel undesired effects of polarization drift in fiber. This technique is applied to a protocol for generating Bell states by a narrow temporal selection of the second-order intensity correlation function.
We theoretically demonstrate a new scheme for cancelling the dispersive effects in quantum communication with two entangled photons propagating in optical fibres. In the case of two entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion and propagating in two optical fibres, it is demonstrated that the dispersive effect in the biphoton wavepacket is cancelled by inserting only one Fabry–Perot cavity into one of the fibre's lines. No special dispersive material or interference of the transmitted photons in a beam splitter (or interferometer) is necessary. In the scheme, where one of the photons is reflected by the Fabry–Perot cavity before being transmitted by the fibre, a full dispersion cancellation is shown with no decrease in the number of photons at the optical fibres exit.
Fibre optics is a mature technology that revolutionized telecommunication. Quantum photonics is an emerging technology still under development. The fusion of the two can bring technologically-robust solutions for quantum applications. Here we give one concrete example of a fiber-optic entangled photon source. Free of alignment, fiber coupling or any birefringence compensating schemes, it is arguably world’s simplest polarization-entangled photon source, and perfectly compatible with the vast fibre-optic network infrastructure. Furthermore, using it to form a fibre-based nonlinear interferometer results in the coupling of the spectral domain with the polarization domain, and tunability in both domains. By manipulating the dispersion and birefringence properties of the linear medium in the interferometer, we experimentally demonstrate altering the biphoton spectrum through biphoton interference, as well as tuning the degree of polarization entanglement. Due to the low-birefringence nature of both the nonlinear and linear media in the interferometer, we can preserve the high-quality polarization entanglement while shaping the biphoton spectrum. Additionally, the coupling of the polarization degree of freedom with the spectral degree of freedom, allowing us to tune the degree of entanglement by simply tuning wavelength. Our fibre-based quantum entanglement sources demonstrate a great deal of flexibility in entanglement engineering for future fibre-optic quantum networks.