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Measurement Science and Technology

Laser offset-frequency locking against energy pooling fluorescence in thermal caesium vapour

Liantuan Xiao, Tao Huang, Lirong Wang, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia

Published Apr 7, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have shown that energy pooling fluorescence lock provides an effective method for stabilizing a diode laser to a broad, stable atomic reference. We achieved typically a stable lock with a laser linewidth of 1.1 MHz and continuous tunability of ?600 MHz, against the two off-centre peaks fluorescence of 7P(3/2, 1/2) ? 6S1/2 caused by 6P3/2 + 6P3/2 ? 7P(3/2, 1/2) + 6S1/2 energy pooling collisions in thermal caesium vapour.

DOI
10.1088/0957-0233/17/6/l01

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We have shown that energy pooling fluorescence lock provides an effective method for stabilizing a diode laser to a broad, stable atomic reference. We achieved typically a stable lock with a laser linewidth of 1.1 MHz and continuous tunability of ?600 MHz, against the two off-centre peaks fluorescence of 7P(3/2, 1/2) ? 6S1/2 caused by 6P3/2 + 6P3/2 ? 7P(3/2, 1/2) + 6S1/2 energy pooling collisions in thermal caesium vapour.
We have demonstrated a robust method of tuning and stabilizing a diode laser frequency to the fluorescence peaks of the energy pooling occurred at thermal cesium vapor-glass interface. This technique is based on temperature-dependent shift of the two off-core fluorescence peaks caused by 6P3∕2+6P3∕2→7P(3∕2,1∕2)∕8S1∕2+6S1∕2 energy pooling collisions. We achieved laser linewidth of 1.1MHz and continuous tunability over ±200–600MHz within a temperature range of 360–420K by applying the wavelength modulation technology. Tunable frequency locking in such a wide range was constructed inexpensively with low laser power. It can also be extended to other wavelengths by using different atomic species.
We demonstrate a robust method of stabilizing a diode laser frequency to an atomic transition. This technique employs the Zeeman shift to generate an antisymmetric signal about a Doppler-broadened atomic resonance, and therefore offers a large recapture range as well as high stability. The frequency of a 780-nm diode laser, stabilized to such a signal in Rb, drifted less than 0.5 MHz peak-peak (1 part in 10(9)) in 38 h. This tunable frequency lock can be constructed inexpensively, requires little laser power, rarely loses lock, and can be extended to other wavelengths by use of different atomic species.
Using lock-in amplifer and proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) electric circuit, the frequency of diode laser is stabilized on a highly mechanical stable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity transmission peak. When the frequency locking system is on, the frequency tunable range of the laser is about 4GHz around the D1 transition of Rb. The laser frequency tuning is implemented by scanning the FP cavity length. The fluctuation of frequency of the output laser is less than 1MHz, and the drift of the center frequency is less than 1.5MHz in 1.5min. This system has great potential of the application in the experimental investigation of the interaction between light and atoms, especially, for the case of far off the atomic resonance.
We develop a high-performance ultraviolet (UV) frequency stabilization technique implemented directly on UV diode lasers by combining the dichroic atomic vapor laser lock and the resonant transfer cavity lock. As an example, we demonstrate a stable locking with measured frequency standard deviations of approximately 200 kHz and 300 kHz for 399 nm and 370 nm diode lasers in 20 min. We achieve a long-term frequency drift of no more than 1 MHz for the target 370 nm laser within an hour, which is further verified with fluorescence count rates of a single trapped 171Yb+ ion. We also find strong linear correlations between lock points and environmental factors such as temperature and atmospheric pressure. Our approach provides a simple and stable solution at a relatively low cost, and features flexible control, high feedback bandwidth and minimal power consumption of the target UV laser.