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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Critical Properties of a Spin-3/2 Ising Model on a Square Lattice

Norihiro Tsushima, Yasushi Honda, Tsuyoshi Horiguchi

Published Oct 15, 1997• 26 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate a spin-3/2 Ising model on a square lattice by using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. We obtain phase diagrams of the ground state. We carried out the MC simulations in order to calculate the critical temperature and the critical exponent η. We estimate the critical exponents ν, α and γ by using a finite size scaling analysis. We also calculate the critical temperature, the central charge c and the critical exponent ν by using the DMRG method. From the results obtained by the MC simulations and by the DMRG method, we discuss a universality class of the system. It is found that the values of critical exponents are determined by means of the degeneracy of the ground state. This result suggests that the universality does not hold for the spin-3/2 Ising model. Furthermore we find a possibility of a breakdown of the hyperscaling law. We also confirm that the ferrimagnetic phase exists in a parameter region where the ground state has a fourfold degeneracy, and that a transition between the ferrimagnetic phase and the ferromagnetic phase exists in addition to that between the ferromagnetic phase and the paramagnetic phase.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.66.3053

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We investigate a spin-3/2 Ising model on a square lattice by using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. We obtain phase diagrams of the ground state. We carried out the MC simulations in order to calculate the critical temperature and the critical exponent η. We estimate the critical exponents ν, α and γ by using a finite size scaling analysis. We also calculate the critical temperature, the central charge c and the critical exponent ν by using the DMRG method. From the results obtained by the MC simulations and by the DMRG method, we discuss a universality class of the system. It is found that the values of critical exponents are determined by means of the degeneracy of the ground state. This result suggests that the universality does not hold for the spin-3/2 Ising model. Furthermore we find a possibility of a breakdown of the hyperscaling law. We also confirm that the ferrimagnetic phase exists in a parameter region where the ground state has a fourfold degeneracy, and that a transition between the ferrimagnetic phase and the ferromagnetic phase exists in addition to that between the ferromagnetic phase and the paramagnetic phase.
We obtain phase diagrams of a spin-3/2 Ising model on a square lattice by using a corner transfer matrix renormalization group method. We find that three phases appear in the phase diagrams; they are the ferromagnetic(FM) phase, the paramagnetic(PM) phase and a ferrimagnetic(FI) phase. It turns out that a tricritical point appears in a region of space spanned by parameters of coupling constants and the temperature. We estimate values of critical exponent ν and α at a transition temperature between the FM phase and the PM phase, at that between the FI phase and the FM phase, and also at that between the FI phase and the PM phase, by using the finite size scaling analysis.
We have performed large-scale numerical simulations for the ± J Ising model on the simple cubic and the square lattices with asymmetric weight of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bonds. The Monte Carlo renormalization group method is used to estimate T c , γ/ν, β/ν and ν at various points along the phase boundary between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases including the tricritical point. The obtained values of T c and the resulting phase diagrams of the simple cubic and the square lattices are much more accurate than those estimated so far. In the simple cubic lattice, we find evidence for the possibility that universality of the ferromagnetic critical exponents holds along the critical line except at the tricritical point, while weak universality holds even at the tricritical point. Weak universality seems to hold also in the square lattice.
The mixed spin 3–spin 3/2 ferrimagnetic Ising model was simulated using cooling algorithm on cellular automaton (CA). The simulations were carried out in the intervals −4 ≤ DA/J ≤ 8 and −4 ≤ DB/J ≤ 8 for the square lattices with periodic boundary conditions. The ground-state phase diagram of the model has different types of ferrimagnetic phases. Although only the antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction was contained in the Hamiltonian, the compensation points emerged through DA/J = 2 at kT/J = 0. The values of the critical exponents (ν, α , β and γ) were estimated within the framework of the finite-size scaling theory and power-law relations for the selected DA/J values (−2, 0, 1, 2, and 4). The estimated critical exponent values were in good agreement with the universal values of the two-dimensional Ising model (ν = 1, α = α′ = 0, β = 0.125, β′ = 0.875 and γ = γ′ = 1.75).
Monte Carlo simulations are performed on the square lattice Ising system with both the nearest neighbor and the two-dimensional dipolar interactions in order to investigate the critical property of ferromagnetic phase transitions in this 2-dimensional system. Applying the finite size scaling theory to Monte Carlo data just near the transition point, the critical indices of this dipolar system are calculated and α=0.31±0.04, β =0.20±0.02, γ=1.08±0.20 and ν=0.72±0.10 are obtained. However, in the temperature region considerably far from the transition point, different values of α, β and γ seem to be adequate, which are rather close to those of the rigorous result of the 2-dimensional Ising model.
We use a new updated algorithm scheme to investigate the critical behaviour of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice with the nearest neighbour interactions. The transition is examined by generating accurate data for lattices with L = 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50. The updated spin algorithm we employ has the advantages of both a Metropolis algorithm and a single-update method. Our study indicates that the transition is continuous at T c = 3.6403(2). A convincing finite-size scaling analysis of the model yields ν = 0.9995(21), β/ν = 0.12400(17), γ/ν = 1.75223(22), γ'/ν = 1.7555(22), α/ν = 0.00077(420) (scaling) and α/ν = 0.0010(42) (hyperscaling). The present scheme yields more accurate estimates for all the critical exponents than the Monte Carlo method, and our estimates are shown to be in excellent agreement with their predicted values.
Critical properties of the two successive phase transitions of Ising-like Heisenberg antiferromagnets on the hexagonal lattice are examined by the Monte Carlo method. In order to obtain the critical exponents, the finite size scaling methods are used for the lattice sizes of L =18 ∼ 48. Using the reweighting Monte Carlo method, the exponents at the higher critical temperature are estimated as 1/ν=1.481±0.019 and γ/ν=1.980±0.016, which agree with those of the 3DXY model. At the lower critical temperature, standard procedure of the reweighting method does not give values of the exponents with satisfactory precision. Thus we estimate the exponents carefully with aid of the ordinary Monte Carlo method at various temperatures near T c . The values of 1/ν≃ 1.48±0.006 and γ/ν≃1.97±0.050 are obtained and we conclude that those are consistent with the universality class of the 3DXY model.