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Frontiers in Optics

Effects of Atomic Motion on the Controllable Nonclassical Photon Statistics

C. H. Raymond Ooi, Sangkyung Lee, Byung‐Gyu Kim, Su‐Yong Lee, Jaewook Ahn, Hai-Woong Lee

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photon pairs possess nonclassical properties such as antibunching, squeezing and entanglement that are useful in quantum information science, and has so far been studied predominantly for fixed atom. Here, we quantized the center of mass motion and study the effect of atomic motion on the quantum correlation, entanglement and squeezing between a Stokes photon and an anti-Stokes photon generated in a coherently driven double Raman scheme. We study how the laser fields can be used to control these nonclassical properties. The underlying physics are explained via a simple model.

DOI
10.1364/fio.2007.fwt7

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Photon pairs possess nonclassical properties such as antibunching, squeezing and entanglement that are useful in quantum information science, and has so far been studied predominantly for fixed atom. Here, we quantized the center of mass motion and study the effect of atomic motion on the quantum correlation, entanglement and squeezing between a Stokes photon and an anti-Stokes photon generated in a coherently driven double Raman scheme. We study how the laser fields can be used to control these nonclassical properties. The underlying physics are explained via a simple model.
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We study the effects of arbitrary laser pulse excitations on quantum correlation, entanglement, and the role of quantum noise. The transient quantities are computed exactly using a method that provides exact solutions of the Langevin field operators for photon pairs produced by a double Raman atom driven by laser pulses. Short pulses with appropriate chirping, delay, and/or detuning can generate broadband photon pairs and yield results that provide insights on how to generate very large nonclassical correlation. We find that short pulses are not favorable for entanglement. Photon correlation and entanglement are favored by exclusively two different initial conditions. We find rapid variations of entanglement with pulse width and strength. Explanation is given based on the pulse area concept and the phase-sensitive nature of entanglement. Analysis of results reinforces our understanding of the two nonclassical concepts and the nature of quantum noise.
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We study the quantum correlation of photon pairs from a double Raman particle driven by laser fields in a modified photon density of states such as a cavity or a defect in a photonic crystal. We obtain an exact semianalytical expression for the photon correlation, which is characterized by two complex decay functions associated with the levels splitting (effective Rabi frequencies) that depend on the control laser field. The position and width of the cavity density of state with respect to the anti-Stokes transition determine the features in the two-photon correlation profile.
The mesoscopic effects on quantum correlations of photon pairs emitted by a microspherical particle composed of many quantum particles in a double Raman scheme are studied. Quantum Langevin formalism with noise operators is used to compute the nonclassical correlations between the Stokes and anti-Stokes photons, particularly the Glauber’s second-order cross- and self-correlation functions. The theory includes realistic situations of inhomogeneous field distributions of the pump and control laser fields as the result of the focusing effect of the microsphere as well as its linear dispersion. The results show that the photon correlations are affected by the size and density of the microsphere, the detection direction, and the detuning and strength of the laser fields. The self-correlation times of the quantum fields are significantly enhanced by the focusing effect of the microsphere with certain sizes.
The non-classical effects of squeezing of light in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and coherent anti-Stokes hyper-Raman scattering (CAHRS) are investigated under the short-time approximation based on a fully quantum mechanical approach. In an idealized model CARS, the interaction is looked upon as a process involving absorption of a pump photon and emission of a Stokes photon, which is followed by absorption of a pump photon and subsequently emission of an anti-Stokes photon at a different frequency, whereas CAHRS is looked upon as a process involving absorption of two pump photons and emission of a Stokes photon, which is followed by absorption of two more pump photons and subsequent emission of an anti-Stokes photon at a different frequency. The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established. It is shown that squeezing in the Stokes and anti-Stokes mode in CARS is found to be dependent on amplitude-squared squeezing of the initial pump field while, in CAHRS, it is dependent on the fourth-order amplitude squeezing of the initial pump field. Higher-order squeezing can be converted to linear squeezing through these processes. It is also shown that squeezing is greater in CAHRS than the corresponding squeezing in CARS.