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Optica Acta International Journal of Optics

Damping Effects in Two-colour Superfluorescence

P. Schwendimann

Published Jan 1, 1984• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical model for the superfluorescent emission from a three-level system with rapidly decaying lower states is discussed. In the framework of this model a qualitative description of some features of two-colour super-fluorescence by O m2 centres in KCl is presented.
DOI
10.1080/713821397

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If O 2 ` − centers in KCl are excited in their fundamental absorption band (at about 250 nm), they yield a fluorescnece spectrum which at low temperatures is dominated by a progression of very narrow zero-phonon lines (Δν1/2≈1cm−1) with a large Stokes shift (roughly 23000 cm−1 or 2.9 eV). At very high excitation intensities (≳ 20 GW/cm2) with single pulses of the fourth harmonic of a modelocked Nd-YAG laser (λ = 266 nm, pulse duration 30 ps, pulse energy ~ 100 μJ) and at low temepratures (T < 30 K) one observes a simultaneous coherent emission at the wavelength of two of the zero-phonon lines (0-10 and 0-11 transition at 594.77 and 629.14 nm, respectively) /1/, which can be identified as two-color superfluorescence fron a three-level system /2,3/.
We discuss from first principles the cooperative decay of a system of two-level atoms, initially prepared in an uncorrelated excited state with population inversion NNN, and we give the conditions under which the superfluorescence effect occurs. Describing the atomic system in terms of collective variables, we derive a master equation for the reduced atomic density operator, which gives rise both to a damping and to a time-dependent frequency shift in the dynamics of collective modes. The coupled equations of motion are solved with a self-consistent approach. It is found that the system goes through a nonexponential decay if the maximum length of the active volume is smaller than a "cooperation range" and larger than a "threshold length," in agreement with the one-mode theory. The radiation burst has a time width proportional to ${N}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and its intensity is proportional to N2{N}^{2}N2. Specializing to a pencil-shaped volume, we find that only two atomic modes need to be considered; in this case, the average emitted radiation is all condensed in the two diffraction patterns of the opposite axial modes.