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Physica Scripta

Cryptanalysis of quantum secret sharing based on GHZ states

Xiao-Fen Liu, Ri-Jing Pan

Published Sep 27, 2011• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a recent paper (Hwang et al 2011 Phys. Scr. 83 045004), a subtle quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol was proposed. One major advantage of this protocol is its high efficiency; that is, it is more efficient than other QSS protocols using the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states. However, we analyzed the security of this protocol and found that it is insecure for one agent who may deduce half of the information about the deal's secret directly just by his/her piece of secret. Finally, a feasible improvement of this QSS protocol is put forward.

DOI
10.1088/0031-8949/84/04/045015

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In a recent paper (Hwang et al 2011 Phys. Scr. 83 045004), a subtle quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol was proposed. One major advantage of this protocol is its high efficiency; that is, it is more efficient than other QSS protocols using the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states. However, we analyzed the security of this protocol and found that it is insecure for one agent who may deduce half of the information about the deal's secret directly just by his/her piece of secret. Finally, a feasible improvement of this QSS protocol is put forward.
Recently, Liu et al (2011 Phys. Scr. 84 045015) pointed out that the multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol based on the GHZ state (Hwang et al 2011 Phys. Scr. 83 045004) is insecure. They found that an inside participant can deduce half of the sender's secret information directly just by his piece of the secret. In order to resist this attack, an improvement was put forward. However, in this paper, we find that Liu et al 's improved protocol is still insecure. We give details of three attack strategies to steal the secret information. It is shown that the eavesdropper can steal half or all of the secret information. Furthermore, a simple and ingenious MQSS protocol is proposed. We perform explicit cryptanalysis to prove that our improved protocol can resist the attacks from both the outside attackers and the inside participants, even the collusion attack.
With the rapid progress of quantum cryptography, secret sharing has been developed in the quantum setting for achieving a high level of security, which is known as quantum secret sharing (QSS). The first QSS scheme was proposed by Hillery et al. in 1999 [Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 59, p.1829 (1999)] based on entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. However, only 50% of the entangled quantum states are effective for eavesdropping detection and secret splitting in the original scheme. In this paper, we introduce a possible method, called measurement-delay strategy, to improve the qubit efficiency of the GHZ-based QSS scheme. By using this method, the qubit efficiency of the improved QSS scheme can reach 100% for both security detection and secret distribution. The improved QSS scheme can be implemented experimentally based on current technologies.
With the rapid progress of quantum cryptography, secret sharing has been developed in the quantum setting for achieving a high level of security, which is known as quantum secret sharing (QSS). The first QSS scheme was proposed by Hillery et al. in 1999 [Phys. Rev. A, Vol. 59, p.1829 (1999)] based on entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states. However, only 50% of the entangled quantum states are effective for eavesdropping detection and secret splitting in the original scheme. In this paper, we introduce a possible method, called measurement-delay strategy, to improve the qubit efficiency of the GHZ-based QSS scheme. By using this method, the qubit efficiency of the improved QSS scheme can reach 100% for both security detection and secret distribution. The improved QSS scheme can be implemented experimentally based on current technologies.