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Physica C Superconductivity

Quasiparticle current and phase locking of intrinsic Josephson junctions

P. Seidel, Alexander N. Grib, Yu. M. Shukrinov, Jens Scherbel, Uwe Hübner, F. Schmidl

Published Sep 1, 2001• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/s0921-4534(01)00654-2

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We report the novel nonequilibrium microwave emission from current-injected Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O y (BSCCO)/I/Au intrinsic Josephson junctions and two-mesa array of intrinsic Josephson junctions. For the single intrinsic junctions, it appeared as three different modes of oscillations. Among them, two modes are Josephson plasma emissions which appeared at the quasiparticle branches and the gap-edges. The mutual phase interaction between two-mesa structures of BSCCO intrinsic Josephson junctions has been studied. The measured output power of the two-mesa structures of intrinsic Josephson junctions was almost four times larger than that of the single junction, indicating an exact phase-locking state between the two intrinsic Josephson junctions. The maximum detected power was about microwatt level at millimetre-wave range.
Josephson junctions made from high temperature superconductors (HTS) are active high frequency devices which can be used as oscillators or frequency mixers in the submillimeter-wave region. The frequencies of these electromagnetic waves range from 300 GHz up to 3 THz. Up to now, this wave band is a relatively unexploited region of the electromagnetic spectrum because it is very difficult to produce and detect submillimeter-waves. However, submillimeter-wave technologies are becoming important in many practical scientific applications such as radio astronomy, atmospheric research, plasma diagnostics and THz-imaging, recently. In this work, the behaviour HTS Josephson junctions have been investigated experimentally and theoretically with the aim to THz-applications. In the first part the behaviour of intrinsic Josephson junction stacks are measured, and the possibility of phase locking is discussed by the theoretical analysis of two different shunt technologies depending on the parameter spread of the junction and the shunt parameters. It could be shown that stacks made from sputtered BSCCO layers does not act as intrinsic Josephson junction arrays because of their many micro shorts resulting from the layer growth. However, the stacks made from sputtered TBCCO show clear intrinsic Josephson junction behaviour. But their quasiparticle branches in the current-voltage characteristic deviate from the behaviour predicted by the common used RCSJ model. These branches can be discussed within a tunneling model using d-wave superconductor density of states. A temperature dependent current distribution and a zero bias anomaly was found. Furthermore, the coherent behaviour is studied for intrinsic arrays with additional side-wall shunts. The existence of thresholds of phase locking at especial junction and shunt parameters are demonstrated and discussed in regard to THz-oscillator applications. It was found that the Josephson junctions in a stack can be phase locked even if they have a parameter spread in the critical current up to 15% using a resonant shunt. In the second part of this work the mixing properties of HTS bicrystal Josephson junctions as wave guide mixers for 115 and 345 GHz have been investigated. (orig.)
We report the detection of electromagnetic radiation at about 500GHz from current-biased intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal Josephson junctions. We used two silicon lenses to quasioptically couple radiation from our samples to an integrated superconducting heterodyne receiver. The estimated maximum Josephson radiation power which reached the receiver antenna was about 1pW. We attribute the observed radiation to individual Josephson junctions of the stack and discuss a possibility of the phase locking of a larger number of junctions.