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Applied Physics Letters

Detection of 0.5THz radiation from intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 Josephson junctions

Igor E. Batov, Xueying Jin, S. V. Shitov, Yuri Koval, Paul Müller, Alexey Vladimirovich Ustinov

Published Jun 26, 2006• 64 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the detection of electromagnetic radiation at about 500GHz from current-biased intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal Josephson junctions. We used two silicon lenses to quasioptically couple radiation from our samples to an integrated superconducting heterodyne receiver. The estimated maximum Josephson radiation power which reached the receiver antenna was about 1pW. We attribute the observed radiation to individual Josephson junctions of the stack and discuss a possibility of the phase locking of a larger number of junctions.

DOI
10.1063/1.2214157

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We report the detection of electromagnetic radiation at about 500GHz from current-biased intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal Josephson junctions. We used two silicon lenses to quasioptically couple radiation from our samples to an integrated superconducting heterodyne receiver. The estimated maximum Josephson radiation power which reached the receiver antenna was about 1pW. We attribute the observed radiation to individual Josephson junctions of the stack and discuss a possibility of the phase locking of a larger number of junctions.
We report on detection of electromagnetic radiation at about 500 GHz from current-biased intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal Josephson junctions. We used two silicon lenses to quasi-optically couple radiation from our samples to an integrated superconducting heterodyne receiver. The samples were prepared in a step-like geometry, by defining a mesa in the shape of bow-tie antenna using electron beam lithography and argon ion milling on the upper surface of the crystal. The microwave radiation was detected by a low-noise all-superconducting heterodyne receiver. The receiver consists of an SIS mixer integrated on the single chip with a superconducting flux-flow oscillator acting as a local oscillator.
With a 10 μm×10 μm mesa patterned on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals, we measure the current–voltage (I–V) curves of a stack of intrinsic Josephson junctions. Current steps are observed at an equal voltage spacing of 4 mV when the sample is subjected to microwave radiation at around 7 GHz. With increase of the microwave power, more steps occur while the spacing between neighboring steps does not seem to change. The magnitude of each step depends on the microwave power in an oscillating way. Tuning the microwave frequency causes such steps to occur over separate frequency ranges, and each range is quite narrow. A temperature rise from 4.2 to 14.3 K completely quenches the step structures. Possible explanations for the step structures, based on resonances excited by microwave or geometric resonances in the junction cavity, are discussed.
We examine coupling interactions used to synchronize macroscopic Josephson oscillations induced in intrinsic Josephson-junction (IJJ) mesa stacks made of a Bi2212\mathrm{Bi}2212Bi2212 single crystal. Synchronized radiations of terahertz electromagnetic (EM) waves are detected under common voltage and current bias operations of two connected mesas with close individual radiation frequencies, while uncoupled and bimodal radiations are frequently observed in two mesas with different individual radiation frequencies. Detailed observations of the polarizations of the EM waves emitted when two mesas are biased in parallel or series allow us to reveal the coupling matrix components, which include ratios of synchronized IJJs in the mesas and phase delay between the macroscopic Josephson oscillations. A frequency evolution of the phase delay implies that the coupling between the Josephson oscillations is mediated by the small amplitude Josephson plasmon inside the superconducting substrate. This finding stimulates systematic survey on polarization of EM wave emitted from synchronized multiple mesa devices in order to realize powerful terahertz emissions from superconductors.
We examine coupling interactions used to synchronize macroscopic Josephson oscillations induced in intrinsic Josephson junction (IJJ) mesa stacks made of a Bi2212 single crystal. Synchronized radiations of terahertz electromagnetic (EM) waves are detected under common voltage and current bias operations of two connected mesas with close individual radiation frequencies, while uncoupled and bimodal radiations are frequently observed in two mesas with different individual radiation frequencies. Detailed observations of the polarizations of the EM waves emitted when two mesas are biased in parallel or series allow us to reveal the coupling matrix components, which include ratios of synchronized IJJs in the mesas and phase delay between the macroscopic Josephson oscillations. A frequency evolution of the phase delay implies that the coupling between the Josephson oscillations is mediated by the small amplitude Josephson plasmon inside the superconducting substrate. This finding stimulates systematic survey on polarization of EM wave emitted from synchronized multiple mesa devices in order to realize powerful terahertz emissions from superconductors.