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Review of Scientific Instruments

Note: An ultranarrow bandpass filter system for single-photon experiments in quantum optics

David Höckel, Eugen Martin, Oliver J. Benson

Published Feb 1, 2010• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a combined ultranarrow bandpass filtering setup for single-photon experiments in quantum optics. The filter is particularly suitable for single-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiments, but can also be used in several similar applications. A multipass planar Fabry-Perot etalon together with polarization filters and spatial filtering allows 114 dB pump beam suppression, while the signal beam is attenuated by just 4 dB, although both wavelengths are only separated by 0.025 nm (9.2 GHz). The multipass etalon alone accounts for 46 dB suppression while it has a peak transmission of 65%. We demonstrate EIT experiments in Cs vapor at room temperature with probe power in the femtowatt regime using this filter.

DOI
10.1063/1.3309791

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We describe a combined ultranarrow bandpass filtering setup for single-photon experiments in quantum optics. The filter is particularly suitable for single-photon electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiments, but can also be used in several similar applications. A multipass planar Fabry-Perot etalon together with polarization filters and spatial filtering allows 114 dB pump beam suppression, while the signal beam is attenuated by just 4 dB, although both wavelengths are only separated by 0.025 nm (9.2 GHz). The multipass etalon alone accounts for 46 dB suppression while it has a peak transmission of 65%. We demonstrate EIT experiments in Cs vapor at room temperature with probe power in the femtowatt regime using this filter.
We perform electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) experiments in cesium vapor with pulses on the single-photon level for the first time. This was made possible by an extremely large total suppression of the EIT coupling beam by 118 dB mainly due to a newly developed triple-pass planar Fabry-Pérot etalon filter. Slowing and shaping of single-photon light pulses as well as the generation of pulses suitable for quantum key distribution applications and testing of approaches for single photon storage is demonstrated. Our results extend single-photon EIT to the particularly interesting wavelength of the Cs D1 line.
Quantum optics experiments frequently require the separation of single-photon-level signals from strong classical fields. In circumstances in which the signals are spectrally close, and one cannot make use of relatively simple separation methods based around differences in polarization state, optical mode, or beam direction, it is necessary to exploit the frequency difference itself as the means for signal separation. We have constructed and characterized an efficient and robust fiber-based filter, consisting of an all-fiber Fabry-Perot resonator, to achieve this goal. Our filter shows 31dB of suppression of unwanted signals and 76% transmission of the desired signal. The transmission of the filter was stabilized to within 2% of its maximum for over 35hours through simple temperature stabilization.
We demonstrate a robust, stable and compact spectral filter for use in quantum optics experiments by implementing Fabry-Pérot resonators within optical fibre using pairs of fibre Bragg gratings. With only temperature stabilisation, these devices show less than 20 MHz frequency drift over 12 hours with a maximum suppression of roughly 35 dB and overall transmission of 75%. These characteristics make fibre Bragg grating Fabry-Pérot resonators ideal for quantum optics experiments where single photon-level signals must be efficiently filtered from large optical fields.
We report the experimental demonstration of an ultranarrow bandwidth atomic filter by optically induced polarization rotation in multilevel electromagnetically induced transparency systems in hot Rb vapor.With a coupling intensity of 2.3 W/cm 2 , the filter shows a peak transmission of 33.2% and a bandwidth of 10 MHz.By altering the coupling frequency, a broad tuning range of several Doppler linewidths of the D1 line transitions of 87 Rb atoms can be obtained.The presented atomic filter has useful features of ultranarrow bandwidth, and the operating frequency can be tuned resonance with the atomic transition.Such narrowband tunable atomic filter can be used as an efficient noise rejection tool in classical and quantum optical applications.