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Lettere al nuovo cimento della societa italiana di fisica/Lettere al nuovo cimento

Photon counting statistics for phase radiation

K. Nath, Rupendra Kumar Sharma

Published Nov 1, 1982• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02817292

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Journal of Physics D Applied Physics•Oct 14, 1988•1 citation
Abstract : Temporal photon correlations and photon count statistics of fluorescence radiation, emitted by an atom in the vicinity of a phase conjugator, are considered. The fluorescent intensity and the two-photon correlation function are expressed in terms of photon emission operators. An explicit evaluation shows their dependence on the phase-conjugate reflectivity of the surface. The variance of the photon count distribution for long counting times is expressed in terms of the Q-factor, which is evaluated as a function of the reflectivity. It appears that for a reflectivity larger than unity, the photon correlation displays antibunching and the statistics is sub-poissonian.
We study the general properties of the photon statistics of fluorescence radiation, emitted by a two-level atom in a strong laser field and a perturber bath. We investigate the deviation of the factorial moments from a Poisson distribution, and we show that for long counting times the lowest-order correction can be expressed entirely by the quantity Q, which represents the deviation of the variance from the average. We introduce and evaluate the quantities gn(t), which serve as a measure for the deviation of the higher-order statistics from Poissonian statistics. Subsequently we obtain explicit expressions for the average waiting time for the appearance of the n th photon, after an arbitrary initialization of the counting process. It turns out that the average time delay is again determined by Q. Hence this parameter can be measured in a photon-counting experiment, which involves only the observation of a single photon, rather than an (in principle) infinite number of photons.
The photon-counting statistics of squeezed states in collective time-dependent resonance fluorescence is calculated for the homodyne detection technique. The secular approximation is applied to obtain analytical expressions for the photon-counting distribution produced by homodyning the fluorescent field and coherent radiation. Squeezing is shown to appear only in the transient regime of resonance fluorescence. The time location of squeezing is independent of the number of atoms, N, but squeezing increases with increasing N. Moreover, squeezing occurs only for a judicious choice of the phase of the local oscillator and occurs over long counting times T. The time interval T is strongly dependent on the initial atomic population. If initially all atoms are in their excited states, squeezing appears with a delay twice as long as that for initially nonexcited atoms.