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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Critical properties of high-spin Ising models on anisotropic lattices

M. A. Yurishchev

Published Nov 1, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The coordinates of the critical points of spin-S Ising models with coupling constants J and J′ are calculated for 1/2 ≤ S ≤ 13/2. The calculations are performed for several values of S and Δ ≡ J′/J independently by using the phenomenological renormalization-group method or (approximate) self-duality. Numerical results combined with a mean-field analysis show that the critical coupling strength for Δ ∼ 1 (weakly anisotropic lattice) is K c () (Δ) = K c () (1)[1 + a(1 − Δ)], where a = (d − 1)/d is independent of S (d is the space dimension). Both free energy and internal energy are determined at the critical points. An extremum of the critical internal energy is found at Δ* ∈ (0, 1). The parameter Δ* can be used as a criterion that separates quasi-isotropic and quasi-one-dimensional regimes (Δ* < Δ ≤ 1 and Δ < Δ*, respectively). The finite-size scaling amplitudes A s and A e of the inverse spin-spin and energy-energy correlation lengths are estimated. Calculations show that the amplitudes A s and A e are independent of S within the accuracy of the adopted approximations. Moreover, their ratio A e/A s is independent of the anisotropy parameter Δ. These results support the Ising universality hypothesis.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776106110185

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The coordinates of the critical points of spin-S Ising models with coupling constants J and J′ are calculated for 1/2 ≤ S ≤ 13/2. The calculations are performed for several values of S and Δ ≡ J′/J independently by using the phenomenological renormalization-group method or (approximate) self-duality. Numerical results combined with a mean-field analysis show that the critical coupling strength for Δ ∼ 1 (weakly anisotropic lattice) is K c () (Δ) = K c () (1)[1 + a(1 − Δ)], where a = (d − 1)/d is independent of S (d is the space dimension). Both free energy and internal energy are determined at the critical points. An extremum of the critical internal energy is found at Δ* ∈ (0, 1). The parameter Δ* can be used as a criterion that separates quasi-isotropic and quasi-one-dimensional regimes (Δ* < Δ ≤ 1 and Δ < Δ*, respectively). The finite-size scaling amplitudes A s and A e of the inverse spin-spin and energy-energy correlation lengths are estimated. Calculations show that the amplitudes A s and A e are independent of S within the accuracy of the adopted approximations. Moreover, their ratio A e/A s is independent of the anisotropy parameter Δ. These results support the Ising universality hypothesis.
Using transfer-matrix extended phenomenological renormalization-group methods, we study the critical properties of the spin-1/2 Ising model on a simple-cubic lattice with partly anisotropic coupling strengths J→=(J′,J′,J)\mathop J\limits^ \to = (J',J',J)J→​=(J′,J′,J) . The universality of both fundamental critical exponents y t and y h is confirmed. It is shown that the critical finite-size scaling amplitude ratios U=Aχ(4)Aκ/Aχ2,Y1=Aκ′′/AχU = A_{\chi ^{(4)} } A_\kappa /A_\chi ^2 ,Y_1 = A_{\kappa ''} /A_\chiU=Aχ(4)​Aκ​/Aχ2​,Y1​=Aκ′′​/Aχ​ , and Y2=Aκ(4)/Aχ(4)Y_2 = A_{\kappa ^{(4)} } /A_{\chi ^{(4)} }Y2​=Aκ(4)​/Aχ(4)​ are independent of the lattice anisotropy parameter Δ=J′/J. For the Y 2 invariant of the three-dimensional Ising universality class, we give the first quantitative estimate Y 2≈2.013 (shape L×L×∞, periodic boundary conditions in both transverse directions).
Using transfer-matrix extended phenomenological renormalization-group methods the critical properties of spin-1/2 Ising model on a simple-cubic lattice with partly anisotropic coupling strengths J = (J ′,J ′,J) are studied. Universality of both fundamental critical exponents yt and yh is confirmed. It is shown that the critical finite-size scaling amplitude ratios U = A χ (4)Aκ/A 2 χ, Y1 = A κ ′′/Aχ, and Y2 = A κ (4)/A χ (4) are independent of the lattice anisotropy parameter ∆ = J ′ /J. By this for the last above invariant of the threedimensional Ising universality class we give the first quantitative estimate: Y2 ≃ 2.013 (shape L × L × ∞, periodic boundary conditions in both transverse directions). PACS numbers: 05.50.+q, 05.70.Jk, 64.60.Fr, 75.10.Hk 1 1
Using transfer-matrix extended phenomenological renormalization-group methods [M.A.Yurishchev, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 83-84, 727 (2000); hep-lat/9908019; J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 91, 332 (2000); cond-mat/0108002] the improved estimates for the critical temperature of spin-1/2 Ising model on a simple-cubic lattice with partly anisotropic coupling strengths J⃗=(J′,J′,J){\vec J}=(J',J',J)J=(J′,J′,J) are obtained. Universality of both fundamental critical exponents yty_tyt​ and yhy_hyh​ is confirmed. We show also that the critical finite-size scaling amplitude ratios Aχ(4)Aκ/Aχ2A_{χ^{(4)}}A_κ/A_χ^2Aχ(4)​Aκ​/Aχ2​, Aκ′′/AχA_{κ^{''}}/A_χAκ′′​/Aχ​, and Aκ(4)/Aχ(4)A_{κ^{(4)}}/A_{χ^{(4)}}Aκ(4)​/Aχ(4)​ are independent of the lattice anisotropy parameter Δ=J′/JΔ=J'/JΔ=J′/J.
We investigate a two-dimensional Ising model with long-range interactions that emerge from a generalization of the magnetic dipolar interaction in spin systems with in-plane spin orientation. This interaction is, in general, anisotropic whereby in the present work we focus on the isotropic case for which the model is found to be at its upper critical dimensionality. To investigate the critical behavior the temperature and field dependence of several quantities are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations. On the basis of the Privman-Fisher hypothesis and results of the renormalization group the numerical data are analyzed in the framework of a finite-size scaling analysis and compared to finite-size scaling functions derived from a Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson model in zero mode (mean-field) approximation. The obtained excellent agreement suggests that at least in the present case the concept of universal finite-size scaling functions can be extended to the upper critical dimensionality.
Anisotropy effects on the finite-size critical behavior of a two-dimensional Ising model on a general triangular lattice in an infinite-strip geometry with periodic, antiperiodic, and free boundary conditions (bc) in the finite direction are investigated. Exact results are obtained for the scaling functions of the finite-size contributions to the free energy density. With ξ(>) the largest and ξ(<) the smallest bulk correlation length at a given temperature near criticality, we find that the dependence of these functions on the ratio ξ(<)/ξ(>) and on the angle parametrizing the orientation of the correlation volume is of geometric nature. Since the scaling functions are independent of the particular microscopic realization of the anisotropy within the two-dimensional Ising model, our results provide a limited verification of universality. We explain our observations by considering finite-size scaling of free energy densities of general weakly anisotropic models on a d-dimensional film (i.e., in an L×∞(d-1) geometry) with bc in the finite direction that are invariant under a shear transformation relating the anisotropic and isotropic cases. This allows us to relate free energy scaling functions in the presence of an anisotropy to those of the corresponding isotropic system. We interpret our results as a simple and transparent case of anisotropic universality, where, compared to the isotropic case, scaling functions depend additionally on the shape and orientation of the correlation volume. We conjecture that this universality extends to cases where the geometry and/or the bc are not invariant under the shear transformation and argue in favor of validity of two-scale factor universality for weakly anisotropic systems.
We have studied the critical properties of the three-dimensional random anisotropy Heisenberg model by means of numerical simulations using the Parallel Tempering method. We have simulated the model with two different disorder distributions, cubic and isotropic ones, with two different anisotropy strengths for each disorder class. For the case of the anisotropic disorder, we have found evidence of universality by finding critical exponents and universal dimensionless ratios independent of the strength of the disorder. In the case of isotropic disorder distribution the situation is very involved: we have found two phase transitions in the magnetization channel which are merging for larger lattices remaining a zero magnetization low-temperature phase. Studying this region using a spin-glass order parameter we have found evidence for a spin-glass phase transition. We have estimated effective critical exponents for the spin-glass phase transition for the different values of the strength of the isotropic disorder, discussing the crossover regime.