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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Galvanic manifestation of coherent degenerate Zeeman sublevels in a gas discharge

Vasilka Steflekova, Dimo Zhechev

Published May 15, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The degenerate Zeeman sublevels were found to contribute to the ionization in a gas discharge in accordance with their coherent state. The voltage across the discharge was monitored while the same ensemble of excited atoms was alternately self-aligned ↔ nonaligned or oriented ↔ aligned. In the latter case, the coherence was optically induced; the corresponding opto-galvanic signals, i.e. amplitude- and time-resolved ones, were compared. Each state of the ensemble of degenerate Zeeman sublevels, i.e. (self-) aligned, oriented or disordered was characterized by its own rate of ionization. Various hollow cathode discharge (HCD) media were studied, namely, Ne/As, Ne/Cu, Ne/Ni, Ne/Cd, Ne/Li and Ne/Si in the corresponding commercial HCD spectral lamps.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/514/1/012053

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The degenerate Zeeman sublevels were found to contribute to the ionization in a gas discharge in accordance with their coherent state. The voltage across the discharge was monitored while the same ensemble of excited atoms was alternately self-aligned ↔ nonaligned or oriented ↔ aligned. In the latter case, the coherence was optically induced; the corresponding opto-galvanic signals, i.e. amplitude- and time-resolved ones, were compared. Each state of the ensemble of degenerate Zeeman sublevels, i.e. (self-) aligned, oriented or disordered was characterized by its own rate of ionization. Various hollow cathode discharge (HCD) media were studied, namely, Ne/As, Ne/Cu, Ne/Ni, Ne/Cd, Ne/Li and Ne/Si in the corresponding commercial HCD spectral lamps.
The opto-galvanic response of some degenerate states of sputtered atoms to linearly- and circularly polarize light is studied. On the same optical transition both time-resolved- and amplitude opto-galvanic signals are found depending on the polarizations of light absorbed. The latter induces galvanic responses differing in opto-galvanic efficiency, time-evolution and sensitivity to discharge current and laser power. The differences are ascribed to the rate constants of the decay processes, characterizing aligned and oriented atoms.
Coherent population trapping in a gas discharge was studied for transitions between excited levels of neon atoms. Resonances corresponding to the arising of coherent population trapping in the Λ and V schemes for Zeeman sublevels of the lower and upper working states were observed in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. The effect of nonlinear polarization plane rotation under coherent population trapping conditions was studied. The possibility of using the results obtained in this work for diagnostics of local magnetic fields and other plasma parameters in gas discharges was considered.
The dependence of the circular polarization of the fluorescence of alkali atoms on the intensity and spectral composition of the σ+-polarized exciting D1 line has been investigated by considering the stationary solutions of rate equations for populations of the Zeeman sublevels. The calculations were performed for pumping-light intensities corresponding to those of classical light sources, e.g., radio frequency or microwave discharge lamps, and commonly accepted values of cross sections for collisional relaxation of ground-state and excited atoms. The systematic errors of cross sections for collisional disorientation of 2P1/2 alkali atoms due to the neglect of intensity and spectral composition of the exciting light are estimated.
The theory of double-resonance phenomena, or the simultaneous action of optical transitions and rf perturbations between the Zeeman sublevels of an atom, is extended to the induced emission and absorption processes effected by the monochromatic radiation and the discrete resonances involved in the gas laser. Expressions for the probability amplitudes of the Zeeman sublevels under such conditions are derived from time-dependent perturbation theory, the lifetimes of the states being introduced in a phenomenological way. Zeeman splittings of both upper and lower states involved in the laser transition are considered, and an effective term diagram used to discuss the results. Small signal approximations are applied to consider some specific cases, which show that the light beats seen in spontaneous emission when the rf frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ equals the Larmor frequency, and in other instances, do not occur in induced emission unless such frequencies coincide with axial resonances of the laser cavity. Variations in the intensity and resonance effects are indicated at Zeeman splittings corresponding to ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$, with similar variations in the amplitude of any beat frequencies due to multiple axial resonances. Additional coherence effects occur where levels cross, which will give rise to changes in the intensity and polarization of the induced emission at the corresponding frequency.