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Soviet Physics Uspekhi

Superhigh-resolution spectroscopy based on interference of states

Evgenii B. Aleksandrov, N. I. Kaliteevskii, М. П. Чайка

Published Sep 30, 1979• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe the current methods of superhigh-resolution spectroscopy based on interference of atomic states (quantum beats and level crossing) and compare them with the methods of Doppler-free laser spectroscopy. We pay major attention to the quantum-beat method, which has been developed in recent years in connection with progress in the technique of tunable lasers, and also to the phenomenon of alignment of atoms in a gasdischarge plasma. We treat examples of application of these methods for solving problems of superhigh-resolution spectroscopy.

DOI
10.1070/pu1979v022n09abeh005611

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We describe the current methods of superhigh-resolution spectroscopy based on interference of atomic states (quantum beats and level crossing) and compare them with the methods of Doppler-free laser spectroscopy. We pay major attention to the quantum-beat method, which has been developed in recent years in connection with progress in the technique of tunable lasers, and also to the phenomenon of alignment of atoms in a gasdischarge plasma. We treat examples of application of these methods for solving problems of superhigh-resolution spectroscopy.
Abstract The paper surveys the techniques of Doppler-free spectroscopy based on the creation and detection of Hertzian coherence in atomic and molecular systems. The preparation of individual atoms in a coherent superposition of states with the use of broadband optical excitation is discussed, with particular reference to excitation by pulsed tunable dye lasers. Time-resolved observations of the fluorescent light emitted by these atoms reveal the interference phenomenon known as quantum beats and enable Landé g-factors, fine and hyperfine splittings of excited levels to be determined. An account of progress in recent experiments with probe-beam monitoring and pulse trains from mode-locked dye lasers completes this review.
Abstract Resonance scattering techniques are very useful for high-resolution atomic spectroscopy. The applicability of these techniques has been much extended, particularly through the rapid development of tunable-laser technology. The use of a narrow-band tunable laser, acting on a collimated atomic beam, gives a direct method enabling, for example, hyperfine structure and isotope shift studies. The intensity of lasers allows stepwise excitations to be performed, and with the two-photon absorption technique, Doppler-free measurements on thermal gases are also possible. By using pulsed lasers, time-resolved measurements yielding radiative life-times and structural information can be performed. The basic resonance scattering methods can be combined with radiofrequency and coherence techniques to yield a resolution, limited only by the uncertainty relation. Optical double resonance and level-crossing techniques, not requiring a narrow-band light source, have been extensively used. Several examples of the application of resonance scattering methods are given.
1. Introduetion For a long time aresolution of the optical met h ods was worse compared to that of the methods u s ed in the other wave length ranges. The last years saw a c ons i d er able progre s s in optical spectros copy in improving aresolution. This i s du e to tho development of new physical co nc epts und erlying the a t tai n­ ment of nonlinear s uper na r r ow optical r e sonanc es wi t h no Doppler broad ening. At present thre e methods are u sed to obtain narrow optical resonances: the mothod of s a t ur a t ed ab sorption, two-photon resonances in a standing-wavo field, and r esonances in s epar­ ated optical fields. The three methods involve the elimination of the influence of Doppl er broadening , so the narrowness of resonances is mostly determined by the time of coherent part­ icles-field interaction. The first t wo methods are weI l knovm and developed (see /1/). Just these methods h ave permitted receiving the principal results on obtaining and using super­ narrow resonances. The saturation resonances with a relative width of < 10- 11 have been obtained by using telescopic beam expanders to increase the time of particles-field interaction. The development of the third method has been started in 1976 (see / 2/). This method has showed interesting potentialities. The use of forbidden transitions and tunable lasers will permit to obtain resonanceswith a relative width of < 10- 13• Narrow resonances enabled one to observe in optics some phenomena that could not be earlier studied. Some results in this field received in the Institut e of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences are discussed in this r epor t .
A novel technique is described for high-resolution spectroscopy. The time evolution of a coherent superposition of atomic substates created by a short resonant laser pulse is monitored via changes in polarization of a delayed probe pulse due to stimulated emission. As a demonstration the method was applied to the Zeeman splitting of the 63P16^{3}P_{1}63P1​ state of ytterbium.